量子环电子性质的精确计算
Accurately computing electronic properties of a quantum ring
摘要：
研究凝聚态系统的一种有前途的方法是在工程量子平台上模拟它们。然而，实现优于经典方法所需的精度一直是一个突出的挑战。在这里，使用18个超导量子比特，我们提供了一个精确的凝聚态模拟器的实验蓝图，并演示了如何探测基本的电子特性。我们基准的基本方法，通过重建的单粒子带结构的一维线。我们表现出几乎完全缓解的退相干和读出误差，并达到在测量能量本征值的这条线的误差为~0.01拉德的准确度，而典型的能量尺度为1拉德的顺序。深入了解这一前所未有的算法保真度是通过突出强大的性能的傅立叶变换，包括解决本征能量与统计不确定性的1e-4 rad的能力。此外，我们综合磁通量和无序的本地潜力，一个凝聚态系统的两个关键原则。当扫描磁通量时，我们观察到避免了光谱中的能级交叉，这是局部无序的空间分布的详细指纹。结合这些方法，我们重建的本征态的电子性质，我们观察到持续的电流和强烈的抑制电导增加的障碍。我们的工作描述了一种精确的量子模拟方法，为研究具有超导量子比特的新型量子材料铺平了道路。
英文摘要：
A promising approach to study condensed-matter systems is to simulate them on an engineered quantum platform. However, achieving the accuracy needed to outperform classical methods has been an outstanding challenge. Here, using eighteen superconducting qubits, we provide an experimental blueprint for an accurate condensed-matter simulator and demonstrate how to probe fundamental electronic properties. We benchmark the underlying method by reconstructing the single-particle band-structure of a one-dimensional wire. We demonstrate nearly complete mitigation of decoherence and readout errors and arrive at an accuracy in measuring energy eigenvalues of this wire with an error of ~0.01 rad, whereas typical energy scales are of order 1 rad. Insight into this unprecedented algorithm fidelity is gained by highlighting robust properties of a Fourier transform, including the ability to resolve eigenenergies with a statistical uncertainty of 1e-4 rad. Furthermore, we synthesize magnetic flux and disordered local potentials, two key tenets of a condensed-matter system. When sweeping the magnetic flux, we observe avoided level crossings in the spectrum, a detailed fingerprint of the spatial distribution of local disorder. Combining these methods, we reconstruct electronic properties of the eigenstates where we observe persistent currents and a strong suppression of conductance with added disorder. Our work describes an accurate method for quantum simulation and paves the way to study novel quantum materials with superconducting qubits.
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