若泽·蒙泰罗·达·罗沙（1734-1819）和他1782年关于确定彗星轨道的工作
José Monteiro da Rocha (1734-1819) and his work of 1782 on the determination of comet orbits
摘要：
1782年，科英布拉大学教授、天文学家何塞·蒙泰罗·达·罗查在里斯本皇家科学院的一次公开会议上发表了一本关于彗星轨道确定问题的回忆录。直到1799年，《彗星轨道的测定》（Determinação das Orbitas dos Cometas）才在科学院的备忘录中发表。在这项工作中，蒙泰罗·达·罗查提出了一种方法来解决从三个观测数据中确定彗星抛物线轨道的问题。蒙泰罗·达·罗查的方法基本上与奥伯斯提出的方法相同，并在两年前，即1797年，在冯·扎克的赞助下发表。以葡萄牙文撰写和出版肯定是其在国际天文学界传播的一个障碍。在这篇文章中，我们打算介绍蒙泰罗达罗查的方法，并试图看看在多大程度上戈麦斯Teixeira的断言（Teixeira 1934），蒙泰罗达罗查和Olbers必须一起在天文学史上，作为第一个发明者的一个实用和简单的方法来确定抛物线轨道的彗星，是合理的。
英文摘要：
In 1782 José Monteiro da Rocha, astronomer and professor of the University of Coimbra, presented in a public session of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon a memoir on the problem of the determination of the comets' orbits. Only in 1799, the "Determinação das Orbitas dos Cometas" (Determination of the orbits of comets) would be published in the Academy's memoires. In that work, Monteiro da Rocha presents a method for solving the problem of the determination of the parabolic orbit of a comet from three observations. Monteiro da Rocha's method is essentially the same method proposed by Olbers and published under von Zach's sponsorship two years before, in 1797. To have been written and published in Portuguese was certainly a hindrance for its dissemination among the international astronomical community. In this article, we intend to present Monteiro da Rocha's method and trying to see to what extent Gomes Teixeira's assertion (Teixeira 1934) that Monteiro da Rocha and Olbers must figure together in the history of astronomy, as the first inventors of a practical and easy method for the determination of parabolic orbits of comets, is justified.
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