用于先进密封应用的高性能含氟聚合物-石墨烯纳米复合材料
High-performance fluoroelastomer-graphene nanocomposites for advanced sealing applications
摘要：
高性能密封材料可以保护关键部件免受高压气体和液体化学品的影响，同时承受机械变形，在许多行业中至关重要。在本工作中，石墨烯纳米片（GNP）被引入到氟弹性体（FKM）矩阵，以改善其机械和阻隔性能，并测试其适用于密封应用。制备了不同负载量GNP填充的纳米复合材料，并与炭黑（CB）填充的纳米复合材料进行了比较。GNP均匀分散，具有高度的面内取向。GNP的加入显著提高了FKM的拉伸性能和阻隔性能。基于剪切滞后/混合物规则理论的细观力学模型被用来分析GNP的增强效率。在添加GNP时，弹性体能够在液体中各向异性地溶胀，这是可用于调节密封应用的溶胀性质的事实。在气体渗透性方面，引入了完善的Nielsen理论的修改来分析块状复合材料样品的CO2渗透性。在相对较低的填料负载下显著改善的机械、热和阻隔性能表明，所生产的FKM/GNP纳米复合材料非常有希望用于先进的密封应用。
英文摘要：
High-performance sealing materials that can guard key components against high pressure gases and liquid chemicals while withstanding mechanical deformation are of utmost importance in a number of industries. In this present work, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were introduced into a fluoroelastomer (FKM) matrix to improve its mechanical and barrier properties and test its suitability for sealing applications. Nanocomposites filled with different loadings of GNPs were prepared and compared with their counterparts loaded with carbon black (CB). GNPs were dispersed homogeneously with a high degree of in-plane alignment. The tensile and barrier properties of the FKM were improved significantly by the addition of GNPs. Micromechanical modelling based on the shear-lag/rule-of-mixtures theory was used to analyse the reinforcing efficiency of the GNPs. Upon the addition of the GNPs, the elastomer was able to swell anisotropically in liquids, a fact that can be used to tune the swelling properties for sealing applications. In terms of gas permeability, a modification of the well-established Nielsen's theory was introduced to analyse the CO2 permeability for the bulk composite samples. The significantly improved mechanical, thermal and barrier properties at relatively low filler loadings, reveal that the FKM/GNP nanocomposites produced are very promising for use in advanced sealing applications.
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