固定多重数下的玻色-爱因斯坦动量关联：来自LHC上$pp$碰撞的精确可解热模型的教训
Bose-Einstein momentum correlations at fixed multiplicities: Lessons from an exactly solvable thermal model for $pp$ collisions at the LHC
摘要：
在量子正则系综下研究了$N$全同玻色子的两粒子动量关联。我们将后者定义为一个适当选择的子系综的事件与巨正则系综，其特点是由一个恒定的温度和谐波陷阱化学势。这个玩具模型的优点在于它可以被精确地求解，并且它展示了最近在大型强子对撞机的$p+p$碰撞中产生的小系统中揭示的一些有趣的特征。我们发现，部分相干性可以观察到在粒子发射完全热事件的合奏，而不是包容性的测量研究的两个玻色子分布函数的事件与粒子数选择在一些固定的多重箱。相应的相干效应随着多重数的增加而增加。
英文摘要：
Two-particle momentum correlations of $N$ identical bosons are studied in the quantum canonical ensemble. We define the latter as a properly selected subensemble of events associated with the grand canonical ensemble which is characterized by a constant temperature and a harmonic-trap chemical potential. The merits of this toy model are that it can be solved exactly, and that it demonstrates some interesting features revealed recently in small systems created in $p+p$ collisions at the LHC. We find that partial coherence can be observed in particle emission from completely thermal ensembles of events if instead of inclusive measurements one studies the two-boson distribution functions related to the events with particle numbers selected in some fixed multiplicity bins. The corresponding coherence effects increase with the multiplicity.
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