基于发展心理学的概念获得理论的演变
The Evolution of Concept-Acquisition based on Developmental Psychology
摘要：
具有丰富内涵的概念体系是提高基于知识的人工智能系统性能的关键。概念系统具有丰富的概念和语义关系，具有可发展性、可演化性和多任务适应性，其实际构建是知识工程的主要挑战之一，也是知识和概念化研究的基本目标。因此，找到一种新的方法来表示概念和构造概念系统将大大提高许多智能系统的性能。所幸的是，人类认识的核心是一个具有相对完整概念的系统，以及一个保证系统建立和发展的机制。人类的概念体系不可能立即实现，而必须逐步发展。发展心理学在行为层面上仔细观察了人类概念获得的过程，并与认知心理学一起对这些观察提出了一些粗略的解释。然而，由于在表征、系统模型、算法细节和实现等方面的研究不足，发展心理学的许多成果还没有直接应用于人工概念系统的构建。例如，Karmiloff-Smith的表征再描述（RR）假设反映了一个概念获得的过程，重新描述一个概念的较低级别的表示到一个更高的。本文正是受这一发展心理学观点的启发。由于OO范式是描述外部世界的自然方式，并且具有严格的语法规则，我们采用面向对象的方法从形式语义的角度对RR假设进行了重新解释和具体化。
英文摘要：
A conceptual system with rich connotation is key to improving the performance of knowledge-based artificial intelligence systems. While a conceptual system, which has abundant concepts and rich semantic relationships, and is developable, evolvable, and adaptable to multi-task environments, its actual construction is not only one of the major challenges of knowledge engineering, but also the fundamental goal of research on knowledge and conceptualization. Finding a new method to represent concepts and construct a conceptual system will therefore greatly improve the performance of many intelligent systems. Fortunately the core of human cognition is a system with relatively complete concepts and a mechanism that ensures the establishment and development of the system. The human conceptual system can not be achieved immediately, but rather must develop gradually. Developmental psychology carefully observes the process of concept acquisition in humans at the behavioral level, and along with cognitive psychology has proposed some rough explanations of those observations. However, due to the lack of research in aspects such as representation, systematic models, algorithm details and realization, many of the results of developmental psychology have not been applied directly to the building of artificial conceptual systems. For example, Karmiloff-Smith's Representation Redescription (RR) supposition reflects a concept-acquisition process that re-describes a lower level representation of a concept to a higher one. This paper is inspired by this developmental psychology viewpoint. We use an object-oriented approach to re-explain and materialize RR supposition from the formal semantic perspective, because the OO paradigm is a natural way to describe the outside world, and it also has strict grammar regulations.
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