相对论性黑洞微类星体喷流产生中微子和gamma-ray的模拟
Simulations of neutrino and gamma-ray production from relativistic black-hole microquasar jets
摘要：
近年来，微类星体喷流引起了许多研究者的兴趣，主要集中在天体物理等离子体外流和各种喷流喷射。在这项工作中，我们专注于研究恒星黑洞双星系统喷流的电磁辐射和粒子发射，其特征在于它们的喷流中的强子内容。这种排放的相对论磁流体动力学的背景下可靠地描述。我们的模型计算是基于费米加速机制，通过该机制的初级粒子（主要是质子）的射流被加速。因此，喷流中的一小部分热质子通过喷流等离子体中产生的冲击波获得相对论能量。从快（非热）质子与热（冷）质子的非弹性碰撞中，产生了二次带电粒子和中性粒子（π介子、K介子、μ介子、$η$粒子等）。以及从无线电波段到X射线甚至到非常高能量的$γ$射线发射的电磁辐射。我们的主要目标之一是，通过适当的解决方案的输运方程，并考虑到各种机制，导致能量损失的粒子，研究强子天体物理喷流内的二次粒子分布。在银河系MQs SS 433和Cyg X-1上测试了我们的方法之后，作为一个具体的河外双星系统，我们研究了位于银河系卫星星系大麦云中的LMC X-1。值得一提的是，对于LMC X-1系统的伴星O星（及其扩展的星云结构），几年前已经发表了使用VLT/UVES光谱数据的新观测结果。
英文摘要：
Recently, microquasar jets have aroused the interest of many researchers focusing on the astrophysical plasma outflows and various jet ejections. In this work, we concentrate on the investigation of electromagnetic radiation and particle emissions from the jets of stellar black hole binary systems characterized by their hadronic content in their jets. Such emissions are reliably described within the context of the relativistic magneto-hydrodynamics. Our model calculations are based on the Fermi acceleration mechanism through which the primary particles (mainly protons) of the jet are accelerated. As a result, a small portion of thermal protons of the jet acquire relativistic energies, through shock-waves generated into the jet plasma. From the inelastic collisions of fast (non-thermal) protons with the thermal (cold) ones, secondary charged and neutral particles (pions, kaons, muons, $η$-particles, etc.) are created as well as electromagnetic radiation from the radio wavelength band, to X-rays and even to very high energy $γ$-ray emission. One of our main goals is, through the appropriate solution of the transport equation and taking into account the various mechanisms that cause energy losses to the particles, to study the secondary particle distributions within hadronic astrophysical jets. After testing our method on the Galactic MQs SS 433 and Cyg X-1, as a concrete extragalactic binary system, we examine the LMC X-1 located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of our Milky Way Galaxy. It is worth mentioning that, for the companion O star (and its extended nebula structure) of the LMC X-1 system, new observations using spectroscopic data from VLT/UVES have been published few years ago.
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