We address production of massive axion-like particles by two electromagnetic modes inside a superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cylindrical cavity. We discuss in detail the choice of pump modes and cavity design. We numerically compute time-averaged energy density of produced axion field for various cavity modes and wide range of axion masses. This allows us to estimate optimal conditions for axion production within a cavity. In addition, we consider photon regeneration process initiated by produced axion field in a screened radio-frequency cavity and derive constraints in parameter space $(g_{aγγ},\ m_a)$ for different choice of pump modes.
The XENON1T collaboration has observed an excess in electronic recoil events below $5~\mathrm{keV}$ over the known background, which could originate from beyond-the-Standard-Model physics. The solar axion is a well-motivated model that has been proposed to explain the excess, though it has tension with astrophysical observations. The axions traveled from the Sun can be absorbed by the electrons in the xenon atoms via the axion-electron coupling. Meanwhile, they can also scatter with the atoms through the inverse Primakoff process via the axion-photon coupling, which emits a photon and mimics t…
For low-mass (frequency $\ll$ GHz) axions, dark matter detection experiments searching for an axion-photon-photon coupling generally have suppressed sensitivity, if they use a static background magnetic field. This geometric suppression can be alleviated by using a high-frequency oscillating background field. Here, we present a high-level sketch of such an experiment, using superconducting cavities at $\sim$ GHz frequencies. We discuss the physical limits on signal power arising from cavity properties, and point out cavity geometries that could circumvent some of these limitations. We also con…
Probing the axion-electron coupling at cavity experiments
Pusan National University（釜山国立大学）；Extreme Physics Institute, Pusan National University（釜山国立大学极端物理研究所）；Center for Theoretical Physics of the Universe, Institute for Basic Science (IBS)（基础科学研究院宇宙理论物理中心）；Institute for Basic Science (IBS)（基础科学研究院）；School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study（韩国高等研究院物理学院）
A Prototype Hybrid Mode Cavity for Heterodyne Axion Detection
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory（SLAC国家加速器实验室）；Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校理论物理中心）；Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory（劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室理论物理组）；Theoretical Physics Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室理论物理部）；Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center (SQMS), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室超导量子材料与系统中心（SQMS））；CERN（欧洲核子研究组织）；Departement de Physique Theorique, Universite de Geneve（日内瓦大学理论物理系）；Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）
We propose a novel technique to search for axions with an optomechanical cavity filled with a material such as superfluid helium. Axion absorption converts a pump laser photon to a photon plus a phonon. The axion absorption rate is enhanced by the high occupation number of coherent photons or phonons in the cavity, allowing our proposal to largely overcome the extremely small axion coupling. The axion mass probed is set by the relative frequency of the photon produced in the final state and the Stokes mode. Because neither the axion mass nor momentum need to be matched to the physical size of …
Cavity, lumped-circuit, and spin-based detection of axion dark matter: differences and similarities
Bilkent University（比尔肯特大学）；Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz（美因茨约翰内斯·古腾堡大学）；Helmholtz Institute Mainz（美因茨亥姆霍兹研究所）；GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH（德国重离子研究中心有限公司）；Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校物理系）；School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University（北京大学物理学院及核物理与核技术国家重点实验室）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Mississippi（密西西比大学物理与天文学系）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay（加州州立大学东湾分校物理系）
In cavity-based axion dark matter detectors, quantum noise remains a primary barrier to achieving the scan rate necessary for a comprehensive search of axion parameter space. Here we introduce a method of scan rate enhancement in which an axion-sensitive cavity is coupled to an auxiliary resonant circuit through simultaneous two-mode squeezing (entangling) and state swapping interactions. We show analytically that when combined, these interactions can amplify an axion signal before it becomes polluted by vacuum noise introduced by measurement. This internal amplification yields a wider bandwid…
We propose an experimental setup to search for Axion-like particles (ALPs) using two superconducting radio-frequency cavities. In this light-shining-through-wall setup the axion is sourced by two modes with large fields and nonzero $\vec E\cdot \vec B$ in an emitter cavity. In a nearby identical cavity only one of these modes, the spectator, is populated while the other is a quiet signal mode. Axions can up-convert off the spectator mode into signal photons. We discuss the physics reach of this setup finding potential to explore new ALP parameter space. Enhanced sensitivity can be achieved if …
Dark matter Axion search with riNg Cavity Experiment (DANCE) was proposed. To search for axion-like particles, we aim to detect the rotation and oscillation of optical linear polarization caused by axion-photon coupling with a bow-tie cavity. DANCE can improve the sensitivity to axion-photon coupling constant $g_{a γ}$ for axion mass $m_a < 10^{-10} \, \rm{eV}$ by several orders of magnitude compared to the best upper limits at present. A prototype experiment DANCE Act-1 is in progress to demonstrate the feasibility of the method and to investigate technical noises. We assembled the optics, ev…
Axion-like particles (ALPs) are pseudo-scalar particles that are candidates for ultralight dark matter. ALPs interact with photons slightly and cause the rotational oscillation of linear polarization. DANCE searches for ALP dark matter by enhancing the rotational oscillation in a bow-tie ring cavity. The signal to noise ratio of DANCE can be improved by long-term observation, and we are planning a year-long observation for the final DANCE. In this document, I will report on the control systems of the ring cavity we developed for the future long-term observation.
We have shown a new production mechanism of radiations produced by dark matter axion $a(t)$ under strong magnetic field $B$. The axion generates oscillating electric current in the surface of conductor. The current is extremely enhanced such as $J_c=(m_aδ_e)^{-2}J_a$ compared with vacuum current $J_a\equiv g_{aγγ}\partial_t a(t)B$; $δ_e$ is skin depth and axion mass $m_a$. We have shown that sufficiently strong radiation is emitted by cylindrical super ( normal ) conductor to be easily detected. Then, we naively expect that such strong radiation also arises in resonant cavity experiment. But w…
Axion is a promising candidate for ultralight dark matter which may cause a polarization rotation of laser light. Recently, a new idea of probing the axion dark matter by optical linear cavities used in the arms of gravitational wave detectors has been proposed [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 111301 (2019)]. In this article, a realistic scheme of the axion dark matter search with the arm cavity transmission ports is revisited. Since photons detected by the transmission ports travel in the cavity for odd-number of times, the effect of axion dark matter on their phases is not cancelled out and the sensit…
We propose an experiment for detecting Axion-Like Particles (ALPs) based on the axion-photon interaction in the presence of a non-uniform magnetic field. The impact of virtual ALPs on the polarization of the photons inside a cavity is studied and a detection scheme is proposed. We find that the cavity normal modes are dispersed differently owing to their coupling to the ALPs in the presence of a background magnetic field. This birefringence, in turn, can be observed as a phase difference between the cavity polarization modes. The signal is considerably enhanced for a squeezed light source. We …
The realization and characterization of a high quality factor resonator composed of two hollow-dielectric cylinders with its pseudo-TM$_{030}$ mode resonating at 10.9 GHz frequency is discussed. The quality factor was measured at the temperatures 300 K and 4 K obtaining $\mbox{Q}_{300\mbox{K}}=(150,000\pm 2,000)$ and $\mbox{Q}_{4\mbox{K}}=(720,000\pm 10,000)$respectively, the latter corresponding to a gain of one order of magnitude with respect to a traditional copper cylindrical-cavity with the corresponding TM$_{010}$ mode resonating at the same frequency. The implications to dark-matter axi…
Re-examining the sensitivity of JWST to decaying axion dark matter
University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；Tufts University（塔夫茨大学）；Flatiron Institute（平顿研究所）；CERN（欧洲核子研究中心）；INFN Roma（意大利国家核物理研究所罗马分部）；Weizmann Institute of Science（魏兹曼科学研究所）
Within the dual symmetric point of view, the theory for seeking axion dark matter via haloscope experiments is derived by exactly solving the dual symmetric axion electrodynamics equation. Notwithstanding that the conventional theory of axion electrodynamics presented in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1415 (1983) and J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 19, L33 (1986)] is more commonly used in haloscope theory, we show that the dual symmetric axion electrodynamics has more advantages to apply to haloscope theory. First, the dual symmetric and conventional perspectives of axion electrodynamics coincide under long-wav…
