音乐中的巨大期望：节奏期望的违反消除了嵌套在θ振荡中的晚期额叶伽马活动
Great expectations in music: violation of rhythmic expectancies elicits late frontal gamma activity nested in theta oscillations
摘要：
节奏处理涉及根据听觉事件的分层时间结构建立期望。虽然节奏处理已经解决了预测编码的上下文中，在不同的皮层区域的振荡响应的属性仍然不清楚。我们探讨了神经反应的振荡特性，节奏不一致，并探讨了多个频率之间的交叉频率耦合，以提供预测编码和节奏感知的概念之间的联系。我们设计了一个实验来研究神经对节奏偏差的反应，其中音调比预期的更早到达或音调在相同的韵律位置被省略。这两种操作对节奏结构的调节不同，前者比后者对音乐刺激的一般结构产生更大的破坏。这两个偏差导致MMN反应，而只有节奏偏差导致随后的P3 A。节奏偏差，由于早期出现的音调，但不是遗漏偏差，引起了后期高伽玛反应（60-80赫兹）在结束时的P3 a在左额区，有趣的是，与P3 a振幅在同一地区，也嵌套在θ振荡。与节律偏差相关的引发的高频伽马振荡的时间表明，它可能与预测神经模型的更新有关，对应于更高级别皮层区域中事件的时间结构。
英文摘要：
Rhythm processing involves building expectations according to the hierarchical temporal structure of auditory events. Although rhythm processing has been addressed in the context of predictive coding, the properties of the oscillatory response in different cortical areas is still not clear. We explored the oscillatory properties of the neural response to rhythmic incongruence and explored the cross-frequency coupling between multiple frequencies to provide links between the concepts of predictive coding and rhythm perception. We designed an experiment to investigate the neural response to rhythmic deviations in which the tone either arrived earlier than expected or the tone in the same metrical position was omitted. These two manipulations modulate the rhythmic structure differently, with the former creating a larger violation of the general structure of the musical stimulus than the latter. Both deviations resulted in an MMN response, whereas only the rhythmic deviant resulted in a subsequent P3a. Rhythmic deviants due to the early occurrence of a tone, but not omission deviants, elicited a late high gamma response (60-80 Hz) at the end of the P3a over the left frontal region, which, interestingly, correlated with the P3a amplitude over the same region and was also nested in theta oscillations. The timing of the elicited high-frequency gamma oscillations related to rhythmic deviation suggests that it might be related to the update of the predictive neural model, corresponding to the temporal structure of the events in higher-level cortical areas.
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