Against the backdrop of rising anxiety and discussions on the impact of AI on society, I explore in this article the structural possibilities of AI and automation triggering a new social conflict between the current capitalist elites and the emerging "creative class" (R&D scientists, engineers, business developers, etc.), and how this conflict can produce social tensions and transform urban space. By drawing insights from a structurally similar conflict in 17-18th century Europe between the aristocracy and the emerging bourgeoisie, the impact of this conflict on the social, spatial, and power landscapes in cities of that time, as well as current trends in urban geography, this article outlines the prospects of urban transformations under changing production and consumption economies.
The city has proven to be the most successful form of human agglomeration and provides wide employment opportunities for its dwellers. As advances in robotics and artificial intelligence revive concerns about the impact of automation on jobs, a question looms: How will automation affect employment in cities? Here, we provide a comparative picture of the impact of automation across U.S. urban areas. Small cities will undertake greater adjustments, such as worker displacement and job content substitutions. We demonstrate that large cities exhibit increased occupational and skill specialization d…
The emergence of smart cities as a specific concept is not very old. In simple terms, it refers to cities which are sustainable and driven predominantly by their Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure. Smart libraries and smart knowledge managers, alongside its other smart component-entities, are vital for their emergence, sustenance and progress. The paper attempts at deducing a symbiosis amongst smart cities, smart libraries and smart knowledge managers. It further elaborates on how these will usher in the neo-knowledge society, and the opportunities it'll offer vis-à-…
Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research, Halmstad University, Sweden（哈尔姆斯塔德大学应用智能系统研究中心, 瑞典）；RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Göteborg, Sweden（瑞典RISE研究机构, 哥德堡, 瑞典）
Smart Cities and Communities (SCC) constitute a new paradigm in urban development. SCC ideates on a data-centered society aiming at improving efficiency by automating and optimizing activities and utilities. Information and communication technology along with internet of things enables data collection and with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) situation awareness can be obtained to feed the SCC actors with enriched knowledge. This paper describes AI perspectives in SCC and gives an overview of AI-based technologies used in traffic to enable road vehicle automation and smart traffic cont…
Social Media Informatics for Sustainable Cities and Societies: An Overview of the Applications, associated Challenges, and Potential Solutions
Department of Artificial Intelligence, Ajou University Suwon South Korea；Munster Technological University Cork Ireland；Department of Electronics \& Communication Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College Sivakasi India；Department of Software；Computer Engineering, Ajou University Suwon South Korea , Department of Artificial Intelligence, Ajou University Suwon South Korea；Department of Artificial Intelligence, Ajou University；Munster Technological University；Department of Electronics \& Communication Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College；Computer Engineering, Ajou University
This paper sets the context for the urgency for cyber autonomy, and the current gaps of the cyber security industry. A novel framework proposing four phases of maturity for full cyber autonomy will be discussed. The paper also reviews new and emerging cyber security automation techniques and tools, and discusses their impact on society, the perceived cyber security skills gap/shortage and national security. We will also be discussing the delicate balance between national security, human rights and ethics, and the potential demise of the manual penetration testing industry in the face of automa…
In the wake of the on-going digital revolution, we will see a dramatic transformation of our economy and most of our societal institutions. While the benefits of this transformation can be massive, there are also tremendous risks to our society. After the automation of many production processes and the creation of self-driving vehicles, the automation of society is next. This is moving us to a tipping point and to a crossroads: we must decide between a society in which the actions are determined in a top-down way and then implemented by coercion or manipulative technologies (such as personaliz…
Cybernetic Cities: Designing and controlling adaptive and robust urban systems
Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学应用数学和系统研究所）；Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学复杂性科学中心）；SENSEable City Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA（美国麻省理工学院感知城市实验室）；MoBS Lab, Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, USA（美国东北大学网络科学研究所移动生物系统实验室）；ITMO University, Russian Federation（俄罗斯联邦ITMO大学）；Lakeside Labs GmbH, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria（奥地利克拉根福沃尔特湖湖畔实验室有限公司）；Istituto di Informatica e Telematica, CNR, Italy（意大利国家研究委员会信息学与电信学研究所）
As of 2014, 54% of the earth's population resides in urban areas, and it is steadily increasing, expecting to reach 66% by 2050. Urban areas range from small cities with tens of thousands of people to megacities with greater than 10 million people. Roughly 12% of the global population today lives in 28 megacities, and at least 40 are projected by 2030. At these scales, the urban infrastructure such as roads, buildings, and utility networks will cover areas as large as New England. This steady urbanization and the resulting expansion of infrastructure, combined with renewal of aging urban infra…
Successful materials innovations can transform society. However, materials research often involves long timelines and low success probabilities, dissuading investors who have expectations of shorter times from bench to business. A combination of emergent technologies could accelerate the pace of novel materials development by 10x or more, aligning the timelines of stakeholders (investors and researchers), markets, and the environment, while increasing return-on-investment. First, tool automation enables rapid experimental testing of candidate materials. Second, high-throughput computing (HPC) …
Urban economists have put forward the idea that cities that are culturally interesting tend to attract "the creative class" and, as a result, end up being economically successful. Yet it is still unclear how economic and cultural dynamics mutually influence each other. By contrast, that has been extensively studied in the case of individuals. Over decades, the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu showed that people's success and their positions in society mainly depend on how much they can spend (their economic capital) and what their interests are (their cultural capital). For the first time, w…
AI Urban Scientist: Multi-Agent Collaborative Automation for Urban Research
Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China（范克学校公共卫生学院，清华大学，北京，中国）；Zhongguancun Academy, Beijing, China（中关村学院，北京，中国）；Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China（电子工程系，清华大学，北京，中国）
Work must be reshaped in the upcoming new era characterized by new challenges and the presence of new technologies and computational tools. Over-automation seems to be the driver of the digitalization process. Substitution is the paradigm leading Artificial Intelligence and robotics development against human cognition. Digital technology should be designed to enhance human skills and make more productive use of human cognition and capacities. Digital technology is characterized also by scalability because of its easy and inexpensive deployment. Thus, automation can lead to the absence of jobs …
