S2D2：小规模重要子结构DBSCAN检测I。二维恒星形成区的NEST探测
S2D2: Small-scale Significant substructure DBSCAN Detection I. NESTs detection in 2D star-forming regions
摘要：
恒星形成区域的空间和动力学结构可以帮助我们了解恒星形成的模式。当前和即将进行的调查所获得的数据量要求采用稳健和客观的程序来检测结构，以便对结果进行统计分析，并对不同地区进行比较。我们提供了一个工具，能够检测到的小尺度显着结构，以上随机预期，在恒星形成的区域，这可能是恒星形成过程的印记。该工具利用单点关联函数和最近邻统计来确定DBSCAN算法的参数。该程序成功地检测到显着的小尺度子结构在异质区域，实现了它的设计目标，并提供了非常可靠的结构。接近完全空间随机性（$Q \in [0.7,0.87]$）的区域的分析表明，即使当一些结构存在和恢复，它是很难区分从虚假检测均匀区域由于投影效应。因此，解释时应谨慎。对于集中的区域，我们检测到一个主要的结构周围的较小的，相应的核心加上一些泊松波动围绕它。我们认为，这些结构不对应于我们正在寻找的小紧凑区域。在某些现实情况下，需要进行更全面的分级和多尺度分析，以了解该区域的复杂性。我们已经开发了我们的程序的实现，和它在四个恒星形成区域（金牛座，IC 348，上天蝎座和船底座）检测到的NEST（嵌套基本结构）的目录，这是公开提供给社区。3D和高达6D版本的程序（包括适当的运动）的实施正在进行中，并将作为未来的工作提供。
英文摘要：
The spatial and dynamical structure of star-forming regions can help provide insights on stellar formation patterns. The amount of data from current and upcoming surveys calls for robust and objective procedures to detect structure, so the results can be statistically analysed and different regions compared. We provide the community with a tool able to detect the small scale significant structure, above random expectation, in star-forming regions, which could be the imprint of the stellar formation process. The tool makes use of the one point correlation function and of nearest neighbour statistics to determine the parameters for the DBSCAN algorithm. The procedure successfully detects significant small scale substructures in heterogeneous regions, fulfilling the goals it was designed for, and providing very reliable structures. The analysis of regions close to complete spatial randomness ($Q \in [0.7,0.87]$) shows that, even when some structure is present and recovered, it is hardly distinguishable from spurious detection in homogeneous regions due to projection effects. Interpretation should thus be done with care. For concentrated regions, we detect a main structure surrounded by smaller ones, corresponding to the core plus some Poisson fluctuations around it. We argue that these structures do not correspond to the small compact regions we are looking for. In some realistic cases, a more complete hierarchical, multi-scale analysis would be needed to capture the complexity of the region. We have developed implementations of our procedure, and a catalogue of the NESTs (Nested Elementary STructures) detected by it in four star-forming regions (Taurus, IC 348, Upper Scorpius, and Carina), which are publicly available to the community. Implementations of the 3D, and up to 6D versions of the procedure including proper movements are in progress, and will be provided as future work.
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