This paper presents a context-aware tracing strategy (CATS) for crisp edge detection with deep edge detectors, based on an observation that the localization ambiguity of deep edge detectors is mainly caused by the mixing phenomenon of convolutional neural networks: feature mixing in edge classification and side mixing during fusing side predictions. The CATS consists of two modules: a novel tracing loss that performs feature unmixing by tracing boundaries for better side edge learning, and a context-aware fusion block that tackles the side mixing by aggregating the complementary merits of learned side edges. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed CATS can be integrated into modern deep edge detectors to improve localization accuracy. With the vanilla VGG16 backbone, in terms of BSDS500 dataset, our CATS improves the F-measure (ODS) of the RCF and BDCN deep edge detectors by 12% and 6% respectively when evaluating without using the morphological non-maximal suppression scheme for edge detection.
In the remote sensing context spectral unmixing is a technique to decompose a mixed pixel into two fundamental representatives: endmembers and abundances. In this paper, a novel architecture is proposed to perform blind unmixing on hyperspectral images. The proposed architecture consists of convolutional layers followed by an autoencoder. The encoder transforms the feature space produced through convolutional layers to a latent space representation. Then, from these latent characteristics the decoder reconstructs the roll-out image of the monochrome image which is at the input of the architect…
Silesian University of Technology（西里西亚工业大学）；KP Labs（KP实验室）；European Space Agency（欧洲空间局）
Hyperspectral unmixing remains one of the most challenging tasks in the analysis of such data. Deep learning has been blooming in the field and proved to outperform other classic unmixing techniques, and can be effectively deployed onboard Earth observation satellites equipped with hyperspectral imagers. In this letter, we follow this research pathway and propose a multi-branch convolutional neural network that benefits from fusing spectral, spatial, and spectral-spatial features in the unmixing process. The results of our experiments, backed up with the ablation study, revealed that our techn…
Unsupervised spectral unmixing consists of representing each observed pixel as a combination of several pure materials called endmembers with their corresponding abundance fractions. Beyond the linear assumption, various nonlinear unmixing models have been proposed, with the associated optimization problems solved either by traditional optimization algorithms or deep learning techniques. Current deep learning-based nonlinear unmixing focuses on the models in additive, bilinear-based formulations. By interpreting the reflection process using the discrete Markov chain, the multilinear mixing mod…
Hyperspectral Unmixing with 3D Convolutional Sparse Coding and Projected Simplex Volume Maximization
Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, India（印度德里印度理工学院Kharagpur电子工程系）；Rekhi Centre of Excellence for the Science of Happiness, IIT Kharagpur, India（印度德里印度理工学院Kharagpur幸福科学卓越中心）；Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, India（印度德里印度理工学院Kharagpur电子与电子通信工程系）
Jalpaiguri Engineering College（贾尔派古里工程学院）；University of Antwerp（安特卫普大学）；Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf（亥姆霍兹德累斯顿罗森多夫研究中心）；Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology（亥姆霍兹弗赖贝格资源技术研究所）
Currently, this paper is under review in IEEE. Transformers have intrigued the vision research community with their state-of-the-art performance in natural language processing. With their superior performance, transformers have found their way in the field of hyperspectral image classification and achieved promising results. In this article, we harness the power of transformers to conquer the task of hyperspectral unmixing and propose a novel deep unmixing model with transformers. We aim to utilize the ability of transformers to better capture the global feature dependencies in order to enhanc…
A Deep Equilibrium Network for Hyperspectral Unmixing
Center for Applied Mathematics, KL-AAGDM Tianjin University（天津大学应用数学中心，KL-AAGDM）；School of Artificial Intelligence Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学人工智能学院）；National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology（空天地海一体化大数据应用技术国家工程实验室）
Guangxi University of Science and Technology（广西科技大学）
Significant progress has been made in boundary detection with the help of convolutional neural networks. Recent boundary detection models not only focus on real object boundary detection but also "crisp" boundaries (precisely localized along the object's contour). There are two methods to evaluate crisp boundary performance. One uses more strict tolerance to measure the distance between the ground truth and the detected contour. The other focuses on evaluating the contour map without any postprocessing. In this study, we analyze both methods and conclude that both methods are two aspects of cr…
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology（中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心）
Edge detection has made significant progress with the help of deep Convolutional Networks (ConvNet). These ConvNet based edge detectors have approached human level performance on standard benchmarks. We provide a systematical study of these detectors' outputs. We show that the detection results did not accurately localize edge pixels, which can be adversarial for tasks that require crisp edge inputs. As a remedy, we propose a novel refinement architecture to address the challenging problem of learning a crisp edge detector using ConvNet. Our method leverages a top-down backward refinement path…
Central South University（中南大学）；The University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）；Dalian University of Technology（大连理工大学）
Recent methods for boundary or edge detection built on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) typically suffer from the issue of predicted edges being thick and need post-processing to obtain crisp boundaries. Highly imbalanced categories of boundary versus background in training data is one of main reasons for the above problem. In this work, the aim is to make CNNs produce sharp boundaries without post-processing. We introduce a novel loss for boundary detection, which is very effective for classifying imbalanced data and allows CNNs to produce crisp boundaries. Moreover, we propose an en…
German Aerospace Center (DLR)（德国航空航天中心）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院空天信息创新研究院）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP)（理化学研究所先进智能项目中心）
Over the past decades, enormous efforts have been made to improve the performance of linear or nonlinear mixing models for hyperspectral unmixing, yet their ability to simultaneously generalize various spectral variabilities and extract physically meaningful endmembers still remains limited due to the poor ability in data fitting and reconstruction and the sensitivity to various spectral variabilities. Inspired by the powerful learning ability of deep learning, we attempt to develop a general deep learning approach for hyperspectral unmixing, by fully considering the properties of endmembers e…
Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center（德国航空航天中心遥感技术研究所）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRIA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LJK（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学、法国国家信息与自动化研究所、法国国家科学研究中心、格勒诺布尔理工学院、LJK实验室）；Macau University of Science and Technology（澳门科技大学）
The recent advancement of deep learning techniques has made great progress on hyperspectral image super-resolution (HSI-SR). Yet the development of unsupervised deep networks remains challenging for this task. To this end, we propose a novel coupled unmixing network with a cross-attention mechanism, CUCaNet for short, to enhance the spatial resolution of HSI by means of higher-spatial-resolution multispectral image (MSI). Inspired by coupled spectral unmixing, a two-stream convolutional autoencoder framework is taken as backbone to jointly decompose MS and HS data into a spectrally meaningful …
Technion Israel Institute of Technology（以色列理工学院）；Bar-Ilan University（巴伊兰大学）
Training a deep neural network for classification constitutes a major problem in remote sensing due to the lack of adequate field data. Acquiring high-resolution ground truth (GT) by human interpretation is both cost-ineffective and inconsistent. We propose, instead, to utilize high-resolution, hyperspectral images for solving this problem, by unmixing these images to obtain reliable GT for training a deep network. Specifically, we simulate GT from high-resolution, hyperspectral FENIX images, and use it for training a convolutional neural network (CNN) for pixel-based classification. We show h…
Learning to utilize image second-order derivative information for crisp edge detection
School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University（天津大学微电子学院）；College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University（南开大学电子信息与光学工程学院）；College of Information Engineering, Luoyang Polytechnic（洛阳职业技术学院信息工程学院）；Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM（天津消防科学技术研究所）；School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院）
Beijing Jiaotong University（北京交通大学）；Stony Brook University（石溪大学）；Shenzhen Urban Transport Planning Center Co.,Ltd.（深圳市城市交通规划设计研究中心股份有限公司）
Convolutional neural networks have made significant progresses in edge detection by progressively exploring the context and semantic features. However, local details are gradually suppressed with the enlarging of receptive fields. Recently, vision transformer has shown excellent capability in capturing long-range dependencies. Inspired by this, we propose a novel transformer-based edge detector, \emph{Edge Detection TransformER (EDTER)}, to extract clear and crisp object boundaries and meaningful edges by exploiting the full image context information and detailed local cues simultaneously. EDT…
Tiny and Efficient Model for the Edge Detection Generalization
National University of Chimborazo（钦博拉索国立大学）；China University of Petroleum (East China)（中国石油大学（华东））；INRIA Paris（法国国家信息与自动化研究所巴黎分部）；ESPOL Polytechnic University（ESPOL理工大学）；Computer Vision Center（计算机视觉中心）
Dual-Branch Subpixel-Guided Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院空天信息创新研究院）；International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals（国际可持续发展大数据研究中心）；College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学资源与环境学院）；Beijing Institute of Remote Sensing Equipment（北京遥感设备研究所）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IJK（格勒诺布尔大学、法国国家科学研究中心、格勒诺布尔理工学院、图像与通信实验室）
