In this paper, we compare automated metrical pattern identification systems available for Spanish against extensive experiments done by fine-tuning language models trained on the same task. Despite being initially conceived as a model suitable for semantic tasks, our results suggest that BERT-based models retain enough structural information to perform reasonably well for Spanish scansion.
In recent years, several systems of automated metric analysis of Spanish poetry have emerged. These systems rely on complex methods of syllabification and stress assignment, which use PoS-tagging libraries, whose computational cost is high. This cost increases with the calculation of metric ambiguities. Furthermore, they do not consider determining issues in syllabic count such as the phenomena of compensation between hemistichs of verses of more than eleven syllables. However, it is possible to carry out an informative and accurate metric analysis without using these costly methods. We propos…
Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics（马克斯·普朗克经验美学研究所）；University of Stuttgart（斯图加特大学）
A prerequisite for the computational study of literature is the availability of properly digitized texts, ideally with reliable meta-data and ground-truth annotation. Poetry corpora do exist for a number of languages, but larger collections lack consistency and are encoded in various standards, while annotated corpora are typically constrained to a particular genre and/or were designed for the analysis of certain linguistic features (like rhyme). In this work, we provide large poetry corpora for English and German, and annotate prosodic features in smaller corpora to train corpus driven neural…
Telefónica（西班牙电信）；Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED)（国立远程教育大学）
Nowadays, there are many applications of text mining over corpora from different languages. However, most of them are based on texts in prose, lacking applications that work with poetry texts. An example of an application of text mining in poetry is the usage of features derived from their individual words in order to capture the lexical, sublexical and interlexical meaning, and infer the General Affective Meaning (GAM) of the text. However, even though this proposal has been proved as useful for poetry in some languages, there is a lack of studies for both Spanish poetry and for highly-struct…
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid（马德里理工大学）；Telefónica（西班牙电信公司）；IFEMA（马德里展览中心）；Universidad Oberta De Catalunya（加泰罗尼亚开放大学）
Text classification tasks have improved substantially during the last years by the usage of transformers. However, the majority of researches focus on prose texts, with poetry receiving less attention, specially for Spanish language. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised learning approach for inferring 21 psychological categories evoked by a corpus of 4572 sonnets, along with 10 affective and lexico-semantic multiclass ones. The subset of poems used for training an evaluation includes 270 sonnets. With our approach, we achieve an AUC beyond 0.7 for 76% of the psychological categories, an…
This paper demonstrates that metre is a privileged indicator of authorial style in classical Latin hexameter poetry. Using only metrical features, pairwise classification experiments are performed between 5 first-century authors (10 comparisons) using four different machine-learning models. The results showed a two-label classification accuracy of at least 95% with samples as small as ten lines and no greater than eighty lines (up to around 500 words). These sample sizes are an order of magnitude smaller than those typically recommended for BOW ('bag of words') or n-gram approaches, and the re…
University of Colorado（科罗拉多大学）；Univ. of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)（巴斯克大学）
Automatic analysis of poetic rhythm is a challenging task that involves linguistics, literature, and computer science. When the language to be analyzed is known, rule-based systems or data-driven methods can be used. In this paper, we analyze poetic rhythm in English and Spanish. We show that the representations of data learned from character-based neural models are more informative than the ones from hand-crafted features, and that a Bi-LSTM+CRF-model produces state-of-the art accuracy on scansion of poetry in two languages. Results also show that the information about whole word structure, a…
Duke University（杜克大学）；UNC Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校）
We provide an approach for generating beautiful poetry. Our sonnet-generation algorithm includes several novel elements that improve over the state of the art, leading to metrical, rhyming poetry with many human-like qualities. These novel elements include in-line punctuation, part of speech restrictions, and more appropriate training corpora. Our work is the winner of the 2018 PoetiX Literary Turing Test Award for computer-generated poetry.
Chandomitra: Towards Generating Structured Sanskrit Poetry from Natural Language Inputs
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur（印度理工学院克勒格布尔分校）；Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore（印度科学学院班加罗尔分院）；Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)（先进计算发展中心（C-DAC））；Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay（印度理工学院孟买分校）
Most of the classic texts in Kurdish literature are poems. Knowing the meter of the poems is helpful for correct reading, a better understanding of the meaning, and avoidance of ambiguity. This paper presents a rule-based method for automatic classification of the poem meter for the Central Kurdish language. The metrical system of Kurdish poetry is divided into three classes of quantitative, syllabic, and free verses. As the vowel length is not phonemic in the language, there are uncertainties in syllable weight and meter identification. The proposed method generates all the possible situation…
HiTZ Center（HiTZ中心）；University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)（巴斯克大学（UPV/EHU））；Meta AI；University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学）
Formal verse poetry imposes strict constraints on the meter and rhyme scheme of poems. Most prior work on generating this type of poetry uses existing poems for supervision, which are difficult to obtain for most languages and poetic forms. In this work, we propose an unsupervised approach to generate poems following any given meter and rhyme scheme, without requiring any poetic text for training. Our method works by splitting a regular, non-poetic corpus into phrases, prepending control codes that describe the length and end rhyme of each phrase, and training a transformer language model in t…
FrameNet( Fillmore and Baker [2009] ) is well-known for its wide use for knowledge representation in the form of inheritance-based ontologies and lexica( Trott et al. [2020] ). Although FrameNet is usually applied to languages like English, Spanish and Italian, there are still plenty of FrameNet data sets available for other languages like Chinese, which differs significantly from those languages based on Latin alphabets. In this paper, the translation from ancient Chinese Poetry to modern Chinese will be first conducted to further apply the Chinese FrameNet(CFN, provided by Shanxi University)…
Institute of Polish Language, Polish Academy of Sciences（波兰科学院波兰语言研究所）；University of Tartu（塔尔图大学）；Institute of Czech Literature, Czech Academy of Sciences（捷克科学院捷克文学研究所）；Leiden University（莱顿大学）
Recent advances in cultural analytics and large-scale computational studies of art, literature and film often show that long-term change in the features of artistic works happens gradually. These findings suggest that conservative forces that shape creative domains might be underestimated. To this end, we provide the first large-scale formal evidence of the persistent association between poetic meter and semantics in 18-19th European literatures, using Czech, German and Russian collections with additional data from English poetry and early modern Dutch songs. Our study traces this association …
