实现可行的收入平等
Getting to a feasible income equality
摘要：
众所周知，收入不平等会对经济体系产生负面影响，因此，一百多年来一直在争论。人们提出了许多量化收入不平等的想法，基尼系数是一个普遍的指标。但基尼系数中的完全平等概念比较理想化，不能对是否需要政府干预来调整收入不平等提供现实指导。本文首先提出了一个更现实可行的、使总社会福利最大化的收入平等概念。然后，我们表明，一个最优的收入分配代表可行的平等可以建模使用S形福利函数和玻尔兹曼收入分布。最后，我们对四个国家进行了实证分析，并展示了如何评估最优收入分配。我们的研究结果表明，可行的收入平等可以作为一个实际的指导方针，政府的政策和干预。
英文摘要：
Income inequality is known to have negative impacts on an economic system, thus has been debated for a hundred years past or more. Numerous ideas have been proposed to quantify income inequality, and the Gini coefficient is a prevalent index. However, the concept of perfect equality in the Gini coefficient is rather idealistic and cannot provide realistic guidance on whether government interventions are needed to adjust income inequality. In this paper, we first propose the concept of a more realistic and feasible income equality that maximizes total social welfare. Then we show that an optimal income distribution representing the feasible equality could be modeled using the sigmoid welfare function and the Boltzmann income distribution. Finally, we carry out an empirical analysis of four countries and demonstrate how optimal income distributions could be evaluated. Our results show that the feasible income equality could be used as a practical guideline for government policies and interventions.
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