恒星爆发中的波驱动冲击：动力学、包层加热和新生冲击波
Wave-Driven Shocks in Stellar Outbursts: Dynamics, Envelope Heating, and Nascent Blastwaves
摘要：
我们解决的冲击声脉冲和波列在一般的一维流动，重点应用于超爱丁顿爆发的大质量恒星。使用近似绝热不变量，我们推广了经典的等面积技术的积分和微分形式。我们预测冲击演化的情况下，最初的正弦曲线，但有限的波列，内部冲击和头部或尾部冲击的单独的解决方案，并证明了详细的协议与数值模拟。我们的内部冲击解决方案激励改进的表达式的冲击加热速率。我们的解决方案的头部和尾部冲击表明，这些保存显着更多的波能量大半径，并有更大的潜力，直接喷射的物质。这种差异突出了波形对冲击动力学的重要性。我们的弱冲击分析预测了冲击何时会变得强烈，并为解决这种转变提供了基础。我们用它来估计突然的声脉冲和微弱的中心爆炸所喷射出的质量。
英文摘要：
We address the shocks from acoustic pulses and wave trains in general one-dimensional flows, with an emphasis on the application to super-Eddington outbursts in massive stars. Using approximate adiabatic invariants, we generalize the classical equal-area technique in its integral and differential forms. We predict shock evolution for the case of an initially sinusoidal but finite wave train, with separate solutions for internal shocks and head or tail shocks, and demonstrate detailed agreement with numerical simulations. Our internal shock solution motivates improved expressions for the shock heating rate. Our solution for head and tail shocks demonstrates that these preserve dramatically more wave energy to large radii and have a greater potential for the direct ejection of matter. This difference highlights the importance of the waveform for shock dynamics. Our weak-shock analysis predicts when shocks will become strong and provides a basis from which this transition can be addressed. We use it to estimate the mass ejected by sudden sound pulses and weak central explosions.
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