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arXiv 2011.08194hep-thgr-qc
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de Sitter空间中的强耦合动力学和纠缠

Strong-coupling dynamics and entanglement in de Sitter space

Jorge Casalderrey-Solana, Christian Ecker, David Mateos, Wilke van der Schee

摘要:

我们利用全息术研究了具有哈勃率$H$的四维de Sitter空间中强耦合规范理论的动力学。规范理论是非共形的,具有特征质量尺度$M$。我们数值求解爱因斯坦方程,并确定均匀规范理论态的时间演化。如果它们的初始能量密度比$H^4$高,那么早期的演化可以用具有非零体积粘度的粘性流体动力学来描述。在后期,动态总是远离平衡。AdS $_5$中的渐近晚时态保持了完整的de Sitter对称群,其对偶几何是一个畴壁.这种状态的方法的特点是涌现关系的形式$\mathcal{P}=w\,\mathcal{E}$,这是不同的平衡状态方程在平坦的空间。常数$w$不依赖于初始条件,而仅依赖于$H/M$,并且如果比率$H/M$接近于1,则常数$w$为负。晚期解的事件和表观视界并不重合,反映了它的非平衡性质。在它们之间存在着一个“纠缠视界”,锚定在边界上的极值表面不能穿透它,我们用它来计算边界区域的纠缠熵。如果纠缠区域等于可观测宇宙,则极值曲面与刚好接触事件视界的体宇宙学视界重合,而对于更大的区域,极值曲面则在事件视界后面探测。

英文摘要:

We use holography to study the dynamics of a strongly-coupled gauge theory in four-dimensional de Sitter space with Hubble rate $H$. The gauge theory is non-conformal with a characteristic mass scale $M$. We solve Einstein's equations numerically and determine the time evolution of homogeneous gauge theory states. If their initial energy density is high compared with $H^4$ then the early-time evolution is well described by viscous hydrodynamics with a non-zero bulk viscosity. At late times the dynamics is always far from equilibrium. The asymptotic late-time state preserves the full de Sitter symmetry group and its dual geometry is a domain-wall in AdS$_5$. The approach to this state is characterised by an emergent relation of the form $\mathcal{P}=w\,\mathcal{E}$ that is different from the equilibrium equation of state in flat space. The constant $w$ does not depend on the initial conditions but only on $H/M$ and is negative if the ratio $H/M$ is close to unity. The event and the apparent horizons of the late-time solution do not coincide with one another, reflecting its non-equilibrium nature. In between them lies an "entanglement horizon" that cannot be penetrated by extremal surfaces anchored at the boundary, which we use to compute the entanglement entropy of boundary regions. If the entangling region equals the observable universe then the extremal surface coincides with a bulk cosmological horizon that just touches the event horizon, while for larger regions the extremal surface probes behind the event horizon.

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