在下一代疫情风险缓解系统中协调安全性与效用
Reconciling Security and Utility in Next-Generation Epidemic Risk Mitigation Systems
AI总结：
本文提出 Silmarillion 系统，通过部署 Bluetooth 信标丰富接触数据并保障隐私，兼顾疫情分析效用与数据安全，原型评估和大学小规模部署验证了其实用性。
摘要：
像近期 COVID-19 这样的流行病需要主动接触者追踪和流行病学分析，以预测并随后遏制感染传播。这些主动措施需要大规模数据收集，同时也引发了对用户隐私的担忧。为应对 COVID-19 而开发的数字接触者追踪系统，要么以用户隐私为代价收集大量数据以实现有效分析，要么为了用户隐私只收集极少数据，却在预测和缓解疫情风险方面效果不佳。我们提出 Silmarillion——为未来流行病做准备——这是一个协调用户隐私与丰富数据收集以实现更高效用的系统。在 Silmarillion 中，用户设备记录与安装在关键位置的信标之间的 Bluetooth 接触。信标进一步利用信标安装地点的地理位置、位置类型和环境条件来丰富这些接触记录。这些丰富信息使得能够对疾病参数进行详细科学分析，并实现更准确的个性化暴露风险通知。同时，Silmarillion 为所有参与者和非参与者提供隐私保护，其水平与数字和人工接触者追踪所保证的隐私水平相同。我们描述了 Silmarillion 的设计及其确保用户隐私和数据安全的通信协议。我们还评估了使用低端 IoT 板卡构建的 Silmarillion 原型，结果表明其功耗和用户延迟足够低，适合实际部署。最后，我们简要报告了在一栋大学建筑内进行的小规模部署，作为概念验证。
英文摘要：
Epidemics like the recent COVID-19 require proactive contact tracing and epidemiological analysis to predict and subsequently contain infection transmissions. The proactive measures require large scale data collection, which simultaneously raise concerns regarding users' privacy. Digital contact tracing systems developed in response to COVID-19 either collected extensive data for effective analytics at the cost of users' privacy or collected minimal data for the sake of user privacy but were ineffective in predicting and mitigating the epidemic risks. We present Silmarillion--in preparation for future epidemics--a system that reconciles user's privacy with rich data collection for higher utility. In Silmarillion, user devices record Bluetooth encounters with beacons installed in strategic locations. The beacons further enrich the encounters with geo-location, location type, and environment conditions at the beacon installation site. This enriched information enables detailed scientific analysis of disease parameters as well as more accurate personalized exposure risk notification. At the same time, Silmarillion provides privacy to all participants and non-participants at the same level as that guaranteed in digital and manual contact tracing. We describe the design of Silmarillion and its communication protocols that ensure user privacy and data security. We also evaluate a prototype of Silmarillion built using low-end IoT boards, showing that the power consumption and user latencies are adequately low for a practical deployment. Finally, we briefly report on a small-scale deployment within a university building as a proof-of-concept.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
