自旋相关的第五种力的精密磁学研究
Search of spin-dependent fifth forces with precision magnetometry
摘要：
自旋相关的第五种力与标准模型之外的粒子有关。特别是，轻赝标量玻色子介导长程力，使质量与自旋相互作用。这些相互作用的搜索可以通过周期性地改变源质量和自旋系综之间的距离来执行，以便调制力的强度并用精确的磁力测量技术来检测它。在我们的装置中，力产生于室温下的铅质量，并在4.2K的顺磁晶体中检测到，其磁化强度由基于SQUID的磁力计监测，灵敏度为$53\,\mathrm{aT/\sqrt{Hz}}$。我们的测量对自旋-质量相互作用在1.cm到10.m和10.km到300.km的范围内施加了最严格的限制，将现有的限制提高了两个数量级以上。我们表明，这种实验技术可以进一步利用探索第五种力的参数空间的广阔区域，与一个互动的范围超过几厘米。
英文摘要：
Spin-dependent fifth-forces are associated with particles beyond the standard model. In particular, light pseudo-scalar bosons mediate long-range forces, allowing mass to interact with spins. The search of these interactions can be performed by periodically varying the distance between a source mass and a spin ensemble, in order to modulate the force intensity and detect it with precision magnetometry techniques. In our setup the force arises from room temperature lead masses and is detected in a paramagnetic crystal at 4.2\,K, whose magnetisation is monitored by a SQUID-based magnetometer with the sensitivity of $53\,\mathrm{aT/\sqrt{Hz}}$. Our measurement places the most stringent constraints on a spin-mass interaction in the ranges 1\,cm to 10\,m and 10\,km to 300\,km, improving existing limits up to more than two orders of magnitude. We show that this experimental technique may be further leveraged to explore a vast region of the fifth force's parameter space, with an interaction range longer than a few centimetres.
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