事件各向同性作为事件形状可观测性的有效性
The Efficacy of Event Isotropy as an Event Shape Observable
摘要：
事件各向同性$\mathcal{I}^\text{sph}$是一种可观测的事件形状，用于测量最终态与球对称态的距离，它是为远离QCD的新物理信号而设计的。使用一种新的技术，用于产生各种各样的信号，可以从近球形码头，我们比较事件的各向同性，其他可观的。我们发现，推力$T$和$C$参数（和$λ_\text{max}$，球度矩阵的最大特征值）是强相关的，因此冗余，一个很好的近似。相比之下，事件各向同性增加了相当多的信息，通常用于打破具有几乎相同的$T$和$C$分布的信号之间的简并。分别在$T$（或$λ_\text{max}$）和$\mathcal{I}^\text{sph}$中具有宽分布的信号通常在$({\mathcal{I}^\text{sph}},λ_\text{max})$平面中具有窄得多的分布，并且更容易区分。一种直观的半分析估计技术阐明了为什么会出现这种情况，并有助于解释分布。
英文摘要：
Event isotropy $\mathcal{I}^\text{sph}$, an event shape observable that measures the distance of a final state from a spherically symmetric state, is designed for new physics signals that are far from QCD-like. Using a new technique for producing a wide variety of signals that can range from near-spherical to jetty, we compare event isotropy to other observables. We show that thrust $T$ and the $C$ parameter (and $λ_\text{max}$, the largest eigenvalue of the sphericity matrix) are strongly correlated and thus redundant, to a good approximation. By contrast, event isotropy adds considerable information, often serving to break degeneracies between signals that would have almost identical $T$ and $C$ distributions. Signals with broad distributions in $T$ (or $λ_\text{max}$) and in $\mathcal{I}^\text{sph}$ separately often have much narrower distributions, and are more easily distinguished, in the $({\mathcal{I}^\text{sph}},λ_\text{max})$ plane. An intuitive, semi-analytic estimation technique clarifies why this is the case and assists with the interpretation of the distributions.
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