用ANTEATR-PARADE模拟CME的行星际膨胀和变形I：不同作用力的相对贡献
Modeling Interplanetary Expansion and Deformation of CMEs with ANTEATR-PARADE I: Relative Contribution of Different Forces
摘要：
日冕物质抛射（CME）是空间天气活动的关键驱动因素，但大多数预测都局限于CME的预期到达时间，而不是影响严重性的内部属性。许多性质，如磁场密度和质量密度，遵循守恒定律，并随着日冕物质抛射的大小而系统地变化。我们提出了ANTEATR-PARADE，最新版本的ANTEATR到达时间模型，它现在包括物理驱动的变化的大小和形状的CME的中心轴和它的截面。内部的磁力、热力和外部的拖曳力影响着日冕物质抛射在不同方向上的加速度，导致径向和垂直方向之间的不对称。这些改进应导致更现实的日冕物质抛射速度，无论是体积和膨胀，大小和形状，以及内部属性。我们提出了模型的细节，一般行为的初步说明，和不同的力量的相对重要性的研究。该模型显示出CME的截面和中心轴的扁平化，使得它们的径向范围变得小于它们在垂直方向上的范围。我们发现，初始速度，阻力，任何形式的横截面膨胀，和精确形式的热膨胀有很强的影响。结果对轴向力和截面膨胀的具体形式不太敏感。
英文摘要：
Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are key drivers of space weather activity but most predictions have been limited to the expected arrival time of a CME, rather than the internal properties that affect the severity of an impact. Many properties, such as the magnetic field density and mass density, follow conservation laws and vary systematically with changes in the size of a CME. We present ANTEATR-PARADE, the newest version of the ANTEATR arrival time model, which now includes physics-driven changes in the size and shape of both the CME's central axis and its cross section. Internal magnetic and thermal and external drag forces affect the acceleration of the CME in different directions, inducing asymmetries between the radial and perpendicular directions. These improvements should lead to more realistic CME velocities, both bulk and expansion, sizes and shapes, and internal properties. We present the model details, an initial illustration of the general behavior, and a study of the relative importance of the different forces. The model shows a pancaking of both the cross section and central axis of the CME so that their radial extent becomes smaller than their extent in the perpendicular direction. We find that the initial velocities, drag, any form of cross section expansion, and the precise form of thermal expansion have strong effects. The results are less sensitive to axial forces and the specific form of the cross section expansion.
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