Skin cancer is one of the most threatening diseases worldwide. However, diagnosing skin cancer correctly is challenging. Recently, deep learning algorithms have emerged to achieve excellent performance on various tasks. Particularly, they have been applied to the skin disease diagnosis tasks. In this paper, we present a review on deep learning methods and their applications in skin disease diagnosis. We first present a brief introduction to skin diseases and image acquisition methods in dermatology, and list several publicly available skin datasets for training and testing algorithms. Then, we introduce the conception of deep learning and review popular deep learning architectures. Thereafter, popular deep learning frameworks facilitating the implementation of deep learning algorithms and performance evaluation metrics are presented. As an important part of this article, we then review the literature involving deep learning methods for skin disease diagnosis from several aspects according to the specific tasks. Additionally, we discuss the challenges faced in the area and suggest possible future research directions. The major purpose of this article is to provide a conceptual and systematically review of the recent works on skin disease diagnosis with deep learning. Given the popularity of deep learning, there remains great challenges in the area, as well as opportunities that we can explore in the future.
Hong Kong Baptist University（香港浸会大学）；Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学）；The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital（香港大学深圳医院）；Shenzhen Yiyuan Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd.（深圳怡园智能科技有限公司）
Skin disease is one of the most common types of human diseases, which may happen to everyone regardless of age, gender or race. Due to the high visual diversity, human diagnosis highly relies on personal experience; and there is a serious shortage of experienced dermatologists in many countries. To alleviate this problem, computer-aided diagnosis with state-of-the-art (SOTA) machine learning techniques would be a promising solution. In this paper, we aim at understanding the performance of convolutional neural network (CNN) based approaches. We first build two versions of skin disease datasets…
German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence（德国人工智能研究中心）
A shortage of dermatologists causes long wait times for patients who seek dermatologic care. In addition, the diagnostic accuracy of general practitioners has been reported to be lower than the accuracy of artificial intelligence software. This article describes the Skincare project (H2020, EIT Digital). Contributions include enabling technology for clinical decision support based on interactive machine learning (IML), a reference architecture towards a Digital European Healthcare Infrastructure (also cf. EIT MCPS), technical components for aggregating digitised patient information, and the in…
University of Rochester（罗切斯特大学）；Nanjing University（南京大学）
Skin disease classification from images is crucial to dermatological diagnosis. However, identifying skin lesions involves a variety of aspects in terms of size, color, shape, and texture. To make matters worse, many categories only contain very few samples, posing great challenges to conventional machine learning algorithms and even human experts. Inspired by the recent success of Few-Shot Learning (FSL) in natural image classification, we propose to apply FSL to skin disease identification to address the extreme scarcity of training sample problem. However, directly applying FSL to this task…
Dartmouth College（达特茅斯学院）；Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center（达特茅斯-希区柯克医疗中心）；Geisel School of Medicine（盖塞尔医学院）；Metrohealth System（都会医疗系统）；Case Western Reserve University（凯斯西储大学）
Recently, there has been great interest in developing Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled computer-aided diagnostics solutions for the diagnosis of skin cancer. With the increasing incidence of skin cancers, low awareness among a growing population, and a lack of adequate clinical expertise and services, there is an immediate need for AI systems to assist clinicians in this domain. A large number of skin lesion datasets are available publicly, and researchers have developed AI-based image classification solutions, particularly deep learning algorithms, to distinguish malignant skin lesions fr…
Deeply Supervised Skin Lesions Diagnosis with Stage and Branch Attention
City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）；Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学）；Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学深圳研究院）
Using Computer Vision for Skin Disease Diagnosis in Bangladesh Enhancing Interpretability and Transparency in Deep Learning Models for Skin Cancer Classification
The utilization of computational photography becomes increasingly essential in the medical field. Today, imaging techniques for dermatology range from two-dimensional (2D) color imagery with a mobile device to professional clinical imaging systems measuring additional detailed three-dimensional (3D) data. The latter are commonly expensive and not accessible to a broad audience. In this work, we propose a novel system and software framework that relies only on low-cost (and even mobile) commodity devices present in every household to measure detailed 3D information of the human skin with a 3D-g…
Despite continued advancement in recent years, deep neural networks still rely on large amounts of training data to avoid overfitting. However, labeled training data for real-world applications such as healthcare is limited and difficult to access given longstanding privacy, and strict data sharing policies. By manipulating image datasets in the pixel or feature space, existing data augmentation techniques represent one of the effective ways to improve the quantity and diversity of training data. Here, we look to advance augmentation techniques by building upon the emerging success of text-to-…
Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；King Saud University（沙特国王大学）
There are a lot of hidden dangers in the change of human skin conditions, such as the sunburn caused by long-time exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which not only has aesthetic impact causing psychological depression and lack of self-confidence, but also may even be life-threatening due to skin canceration. Current skin disease researches adopt the auto-classification system for improving the accuracy rate of skin disease classification. However, the excessive dependence on the image sample database is unable to provide individualized diagnosis service for different population groups. To over…
Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Central South University（中南大学）；Singapore University of Technology and Design（新加坡科技设计大学）
Deep learning techniques have shown their superior performance in dermatologist clinical inspection. Nevertheless, melanoma diagnosis is still a challenging task due to the difficulty of incorporating the useful dermatologist clinical knowledge into the learning process. In this paper, we propose a novel knowledge-aware deep framework that incorporates some clinical knowledge into collaborative learning of two important melanoma diagnosis tasks, i.e., skin lesion segmentation and melanoma recognition. Specifically, to exploit the knowledge of morphological expressions of the lesion region and …
In Zambia, there is a serious shortage of medical staff where each practitioner attends to about 17000 patients in a given district while still, other patients travel over 10 km to access the basic medical services. In this research, we implement a deep learning model that can perform the clinical diagnosis process. The study will prove whether image analysis is capable of performing clinical diagnosis. It will also enable us to understand if we can use image analysis to lessen the workload on medical practitioners by delegating some tasks to an AI. The success of this study has the potential …
Cleveland High School（克利夫兰高中）；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）
Melanoma is not the most common form of skin cancer, but it is the most deadly. Currently, the disease is diagnosed by expert dermatologists, which is costly and requires timely access to medical treatment. Recent advances in deep learning have the potential to improve diagnostic performance, expedite urgent referrals and reduce burden on clinicians. Through smart phones, the technology could reach people who would not normally have access to such healthcare services, e.g. in remote parts of the world, due to financial constraints or in 2020, COVID-19 cancellations. To this end, we have invest…
ISTI-CNR（意大利国家研究委员会信息科学与技术研究所）；University of Pisa（比萨大学）；Sorbonne Universite（索邦大学）
Explainable AI consists in developing mechanisms allowing for an interaction between decision systems and humans by making the decisions of the formers understandable. This is particularly important in sensitive contexts like in the medical domain. We propose a use case study, for skin lesion diagnosis, illustrating how it is possible to provide the practitioner with explanations on the decisions of a state of the art deep neural network classifier trained to characterize skin lesions from examples. Our framework consists of a trained classifier onto which an explanation module operates. The l…
In this work, we use a deep learning framework for simultaneous classification and regression of Parkinson disease diagnosis based on MR-Images and personal information (i.e. age, gender). We intend to facilitate and increase the confidence in Parkinson disease diagnosis through our deep learning framework.
Accurate diagnosis is required before performing proper treatments for coronary heart disease. Machine learning based approaches have been proposed by many researchers to improve the accuracy of coronary heart disease diagnosis. Ensemble learning and cascade generalization are among the methods which can be used to improve the generalization ability of learning algorithm. The objective of this study is to develop heart disease diagnosis method based on ensemble learning and cascade generalization. Cascade generalization method with loose coupling strategy is proposed in this study. C4. 5 and R…
New York University（纽约大学）；Bournemouth University（伯恩茅斯大学）
Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), most of the impacted patients have been diagnosed with high fever, dry cough, and soar throat leading to severe pneumonia. Hence, to date, the diagnosis of COVID-19 from lung imaging is proved to be a major evidence for early diagnosis of the disease. Although nucleic acid detection using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) remains a gold standard for the detection of COVID-19, the proposed approach focuses on the automated diagnosis and prognosis of the disease from a non-contrast chest computed tomogra…
German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence（德国人工智能研究中心）
Around the globe, ticks are the culprit of transmitting a variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases. The incidence of tick-borne diseases has drastically increased within the last decade, with annual cases of Lyme disease soaring to an estimated 300,000 in the United States alone. As a result, more efforts in improving lesion identification approaches and diagnostics for tick-borne illnesses is critical. The objective for this study is to build upon the approach used by Burlina et al. by using a variety of convolutional neural network models to detect tick-borne skin lesions. We expan…
Université Clermont Auvergne（克莱蒙奥弗涅大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；ENSMSE（圣艾蒂安国立矿业工程师学校）；INRAE（法国国家农业食品与环境研究院）；VetAgro Sup（法国兽医与农学高等学院）；Université de Lyon（里昂大学）；CHU Clermont-Ferrand（克莱蒙费朗大学医院）；Inserm（法国国家健康与医学研究院）；Tous Chercheurs Laboratory（全民研究者实验室）；CPIE Champenoux（尚佩努环境倡议中心）；University Hospital of Nancy（南锡大学医院）；University Hospital of Saint Etienne（圣艾蒂安大学医院）；IHU-Méditerranée Infection（地中海感染大学医院研究所）；Aix Marseille Univ（艾克斯-马赛大学）；IRD（法国发展研究院）；AP-HM（马赛公立医院援助机构）；SSA（法国军队卫生勤务局）；Hôpitaux Universitaires（斯特拉斯堡大学医院）；Pontchaillou University Hospital（蓬查卢大学医院）；CHR Orléans（奥尔良地区中心医院）；Hospital of Villeneuve-Saint-Georges（维勒讷夫圣乔治医院）；Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes（雷恩大学医院）
Lyme disease which is one of the most common infectious vector-borne diseases manifests itself in most cases with erythema migrans (EM) skin lesions. Recent studies show that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) perform well to identify skin lesions from images. Lightweight CNN based pre-scanner applications for resource-constrained mobile devices can help users with early diagnosis of Lyme disease and prevent the transition to a severe late form thanks to appropriate antibiotic therapy. Also, resource-intensive CNN based robust computer applications can assist non-expert practitioners with an…
More than 3 billion people lack access to care for skin disease. AI diagnostic tools may aid in early skin cancer detection; however most models have not been assessed on images of diverse skin tones or uncommon diseases. To address this, we curated the Diverse Dermatology Images (DDI) dataset - the first publicly available, pathologically confirmed images featuring diverse skin tones. We show that state-of-the-art dermatology AI models perform substantially worse on DDI, with ROC-AUC dropping 29-40 percent compared to the models' original results. We find that dark skin tones and uncommon dis…
In recent days, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have demonstrated impressive performance in medical image analysis. However, there is a lack of clear understanding of why and how the Convolutional Neural Network performs so well for image analysis task. How CNN analyzes an image and discriminates among samples of different classes are usually considered as non-transparent. As a result, it becomes difficult to apply CNN based approaches in clinical procedures and automated disease diagnosis systems. In this paper, we consider this issue and work on visualizing and understanding the decision…
Google Health（谷歌健康）；University of California, San Francisco（加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Medical University of Graz（格拉茨医科大学）
Skin conditions affect an estimated 1.9 billion people worldwide. A shortage of dermatologists causes long wait times and leads patients to seek dermatologic care from general practitioners. However, the diagnostic accuracy of general practitioners has been reported to be only 0.24-0.70 (compared to 0.77-0.96 for dermatologists), resulting in referral errors, delays in care, and errors in diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we developed a deep learning system (DLS) to provide a differential diagnosis of skin conditions for clinical cases (skin photographs and associated medical histories).…
Technological University of the Philippines（菲律宾技术大学）；College of Engineering, Technological University of the Philippines（菲律宾技术大学工程学院）；Center for Engineering Design, Fabrication, and Innovation（工程设计、制造与创新中心）
The MobileNet model was used by applying transfer learning on the 7 skin diseases to create a skin disease classification system on Android application. The proponents gathered a total of 3,406 images and it is considered as imbalanced dataset because of the unequal number of images on its classes. Using different sampling method and preprocessing of input data was explored to further improved the accuracy of the MobileNet. Using under-sampling method and the default preprocessing of input data achieved an 84.28% accuracy. While, using imbalanced dataset and default preprocessing of input data…
Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València（瓦伦西亚理工大学生物工程研究与创新研究所）；Pathology Department. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia（瓦伦西亚大学临床大学医院病理科）
Melanoma is an aggressive neoplasm responsible for the majority of deaths from skin cancer. Specifically, spitzoid melanocytic tumors are one of the most challenging melanocytic lesions due to their ambiguous morphological features. The gold standard for its diagnosis and prognosis is the analysis of skin biopsies. In this process, dermatopathologists visualize skin histology slides under a microscope, in a high time-consuming and subjective task. In the last years, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have emerged as a promising tool that could support pathologists in daily clinical practic…
Fontys University of Applied Science（方提斯应用科学大学）；Eindhoven University of Technology（埃因霍温理工大学）；Middle East Technical University（中东技术大学）
Machine learning has a recognised need for large amounts of annotated data. Due to the high cost of expert annotations, crowdsourcing, where non-experts are asked to label or outline images, has been proposed as an alternative. Although many promising results are reported, the quality of diagnostic crowdsourced labels is still unclear. We propose to address this by instead asking the crowd about visual features of the images, which can be provided more intuitively, and by using these features in a multi-task learning framework through ensemble strategies. We compare our proposed approach to a …
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic, degenerative disorder which leads to a range of motor and cognitive symptoms. PD diagnosis is a challenging task since its symptoms are very similar to other diseases such as normal ageing and essential tremor. Much research has been applied to diagnosing this disease. This project aims to automate the PD diagnosis process using deep learning, Recursive Neural Networks (RNN) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), to differentiate between healthy and PD patients. Besides that, since different datasets may capture different aspects of this disease, this p…
Stanford School of Medicine（斯坦福大学医学院）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center（纪念斯隆凯特琳癌症中心）；Keio University School of Medicine（庆应义塾大学医学院）；Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub（陈-扎克伯格生物中心）
Access to dermatological care is a major issue, with an estimated 3 billion people lacking access to care globally. Artificial intelligence (AI) may aid in triaging skin diseases. However, most AI models have not been rigorously assessed on images of diverse skin tones or uncommon diseases. To ascertain potential biases in algorithm performance in this context, we curated the Diverse Dermatology Images (DDI) dataset-the first publicly available, expertly curated, and pathologically confirmed image dataset with diverse skin tones. Using this dataset of 656 images, we show that state-of-the-art …
Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology（什里·古鲁·戈宾德·辛格吉工程技术学院）
Automatic lesion analysis is critical in skin cancer diagnosis and ensures effective treatment. The computer aided diagnosis of such skin cancer in dermoscopic images can significantly reduce the clinicians workload and help improve diagnostic accuracy. Although researchers are working extensively to address this problem, early detection and accurate identification of skin lesions remain challenging. This research focuses on a two step framework for skin lesion segmentation followed by classification for lesion analysis. We explored the effectiveness of deep convolutional neural network based …
AI-powered skin spectral imaging enables instant sepsis diagnosis and outcome prediction in critically ill patients
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)（德国癌症研究中心）；Helmholtz Information and Data Science School for Health（亥姆霍兹健康信息与数据科学学院）；Heidelberg University（海德堡大学）；National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)（国家肿瘤疾病中心）；Heidelberg University Hospital（海德堡大学医院）；University Medical Center Mannheim（曼海姆大学医学中心）；DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute（DKFZ赫克托癌症研究所）
Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman（克尔曼沙希德·巴霍纳尔大学）
Diagnosis of COVID-19 is necessary to prevent and control the disease. Deep learning methods have been considered a fast and accurate method. In this paper, by the parallel combination of three well-known pre-trained networks, we attempted to distinguish coronavirus-infected samples from healthy samples. The negative log-likelihood loss function has been used for model training. CT scan images in the SARS-CoV-2 dataset were used for diagnosis. The SARS-CoV-2 dataset contains 2482 images of lung CT scans, of which 1252 images belong to COVID-19-infected samples. The proposed model was close to …
Hosei University（法政大学）；Saitama Agricultural Technology Research Center（埼玉县农业技术研究中心）
Automated plant diagnosis using images taken from a distance is often insufficient in resolution and degrades diagnostic accuracy since the important external characteristics of symptoms are lost. In this paper, we first propose an effective pre-processing method for improving the performance of automated plant disease diagnosis systems using super-resolution techniques. We investigate the efficiency of two different super-resolution methods by comparing the disease diagnostic performance on the practical original high-resolution, low-resolution, and super-resolved cucumber images. Our method …
