Euclid：使用StreakDet软件识别模拟图像中的小行星条纹
Euclid: Identification of asteroid streaks in simulated images using StreakDet software
摘要：
欧空局的欧几里德太空望远镜作为其主要宇宙学任务的副产品，可以观测多达150 000颗小行星。小行星在图像中显示为拖尾源，即条纹。由于15000平方度的调查面积和源的数量，必须使用自动化方法来找到它们。欧几里德配备了一个可见光相机VIS（可见光成像仪）和一个近红外相机NISP（近红外光谱仪和光度计），带有三个滤光片。我们的目标是开发一个管道来检测欧几里得图像中快速移动的对象，具有高完整性和高纯度。我们测试了StreakDet软件，从模拟的欧几里得图像中找到小行星。我们优化了StreakDet的参数，以最大限度地提高完整性，并开发了一种后处理算法，通过去除假阳性检测来提高检测源样本的纯度。StreakDet发现了96.9%的合成小行星条纹，其视星等高于23等，条纹长度超过15像素（$10\,{\rm arcsec\,h^{-1}}$），但这是以发现大量误报为代价的。假阳性的数量可以从根本上减少与多条纹分析，它利用所有四个抖动获得的欧几里德。StreakDet是在欧几里得图像中识别小行星的一个很好的工具，但仍有改进的余地，特别是在寻找短的（小于13个像素，对应于8 $\,{\rm arcsec\,h^{-1}}$）和/或微弱的条纹（比23的视星等更微弱）。
英文摘要：
The ESA Euclid space telescope could observe up to 150 000 asteroids as a side product of its primary cosmological mission. Asteroids appear as trailed sources, that is streaks, in the images. Owing to the survey area of 15 000 square degrees and the number of sources, automated methods have to be used to find them. Euclid is equipped with a visible camera, VIS (VISual imager), and a near-infrared camera, NISP (Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer), with three filters. We aim to develop a pipeline to detect fast-moving objects in Euclid images, with both high completeness and high purity. We tested the StreakDet software to find asteroids from simulated Euclid images. We optimized the parameters of StreakDet to maximize completeness, and developed a post-processing algorithm to improve the purity of the sample of detected sources by removing false-positive detections. StreakDet finds 96.9% of the synthetic asteroid streaks with apparent magnitudes brighter than 23rd magnitude and streak lengths longer than 15 pixels ($10\,{\rm arcsec\,h^{-1}}$), but this comes at the cost of finding a high number of false positives. The number of false positives can be radically reduced with multi-streak analysis, which utilizes all four dithers obtained by Euclid. StreakDet is a good tool for identifying asteroids in Euclid images, but there is still room for improvement, in particular, for finding short (less than 13 pixels, corresponding to 8$\,{\rm arcsec\,h^{-1}}$) and/or faint streaks (fainter than the apparent magnitude of 23).
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