不均匀性对犬心室组织解剖学数学模型中涡旋波动力学的影响
The effects of inhomogeneities on scroll-wave dynamics in an anatomically realistic mathematical model for canine ventricular tissue
摘要：
室性心动过速（VT）和心室颤动（VF）是致命的心律失常，与心脏异常电涡卷波的发生有关。鉴于成像和探测的技术限制，心脏组织内这些波的原位可视化仍然是一个挑战。因此，我们必须，perforce，依赖于在计算机模拟的滚动波的数学模型的心脏组织，以发展这些波在哺乳动物心脏的动力学的理解。我们使用直接数值模拟的Hund-Rudy-Dynamic（HRD）模型，犬心室组织，检查电涡卷波和传导和离子不均匀性之间的相互作用，在解剖学上逼真的犬心室几何形状与肌肉纤维结构。我们发现，毫米大小的，分布式的，传导不均匀性导致大幅减少的涡卷波长，从而增加的概率波破裂;相比之下，单一的，局部的，中等大小（$\simeq $ cm）的传导不均匀性，表现出潜在的抑制波破裂或使波碎片的自组织成稳定的，完整的涡卷。我们发现，离子的不均匀性，无论是分布或本地化，抑制涡旋波打破了。一个稳定的旋转波的动力学不受这种不均匀性的显着影响，除了在高浓度的分布不均匀性，这可能会导致涡卷波的部分破碎。我们的研究结果表明，犬心室组织中的不均匀性比猪心室组织中的不均匀性更不容易发生脑血管病，早期的计算机模拟研究表明，不均匀性引起的涡卷波抑制是罕见的。
英文摘要：
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are lethal rhythm disorders, which are associated with the occurrence of abnormal electrical scroll waves in the heart. Given the technical limitations of imaging and probing, the in situ visualization of these waves inside cardiac tissue remains a challenge. Therefore, we must, perforce, rely on in-silico simulations of scroll waves in mathematical models for cardiac tissue to develop an understanding of the dynamics of these waves in mammalian hearts. We use direct numerical simulations of the Hund-Rudy-Dynamic (HRD) model, for canine ventricular tissue, to examine the interplay between electrical scroll-waves and conduction and ionic inhomogeneities, in anatomically realistic canine ventricular geometries with muscle-fiber architecture. We find that millimeter-sized, distributed, conduction inhomogeneities cause a substantial decrease in the scroll wavelength, thereby increasing the probability for wave breaks; by contrast, single, localized, medium-sized ($\simeq $ cm) conduction inhomogeneities, exhibit the potential to suppress wave breaks or enable the self-organization of wave fragments into stable, intact scrolls. We show that ionic inhomogeneities, both distributed or localised, suppress scroll-wave break up. The dynamics of a stable rotating wave is not affected significantly by such inhomogeneities, except at high concentrations of distributed inhomogeneities, which can cause a partial break up of scroll waves. Our results indicate that inhomogeneities in the canine ventricular tissue are less arrhythmogenic than inhomogeneities in porcine ventricular tissue, for which an earlier in silico study has shown that the inhomogeneity-induced suppression of scroll waves is a rare occurrence.
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