通过动力学填充的分析评估预测多行星系统种群中的失踪行星
Predicting missing planets in multiplanet system populations via analytical assessments of dynamical packing
摘要：
我们提出了一种新的分析方法，以确定潜在的失踪行星在多行星系统中发现通过过境调查，如开普勒和TESS进行的。我们的方法依赖于量化系统的动态包装的动态间距$Δ$，相互希尔半径相邻行星（“行星对”）之间的数量。该方法确定多行星系统内的行星对是否被动态地解压缩，从而能够容纳额外的中间行星。如果发现一对行星是未包装的，我们的方法限制了潜在行星的质量和位置。我们应用我们的方法开普勒主要任务的人口691多个候选系统，首先通过直接计算，然后通过蒙特卡罗（MC）分析。对行星对轨道稳定性所需的最小$Δ$（$Δ= 10$、$12.3$和$21.7$）的三个建议值进行了重复分析。直接计算表明，$691$开普勒多候选系统中的$560$行星对可能包含额外的行星（$Δ= 12.3$）。MC分析表明，这些对的$164$具有解包的概率$\geq 0.90$。此外，根据开普勒系统的平均质量效率计算，这些潜在行星中的$28.2\%$可能是地球和次地球。如果这些行星存在，这里预测的质量和半长轴可以通过表征预期的探测信号来促进探测。最终，了解多行星系统的动态包装可以帮助我们了解它们的结构和形成。
英文摘要：
We present a new analytical method to identify potential missed planets in multiplanet systems found via transit surveys such as those conducted by Kepler and TESS. Our method depends on quantifying a system's dynamical packing in terms of the dynamical spacing $Δ$, the number of mutual Hill radii between adjacent planets ("planet pair"). The method determines if a planet pair within a multi-planet system is dynamically unpacked and thus capable of hosting an additional intermediate planet. If a planet pair is found to be unpacked, our method constrains the potential planet's mass and location. We apply our method to the Kepler primary mission's population of 691 multi-candidate systems, first via direct calculations and then via Monte Carlo (MC) analysis. The analysis was repeated with three proposed values from the literature for minimum $Δ$ required for planet pair orbital stability ($Δ= 10$, $12.3$, and $21.7$). Direct calculations show that as many as $560$ planet pairs in $691$ Kepler multi-candidate systems could contain additional planets ($Δ= 12.3$). The MC analysis shows that $164$ of these pairs have a probability $\geq 0.90$ of being unpacked. Furthermore, according to calculated median mass efficiencies calculated from packed Kepler systems, $28.2\%$ of these potential planets could be Earths and Sub-Earths. If these planets exist, the masses and semimajor axes predicted here could facilitate detection by characterizing expected detection signals. Ultimately, understanding the dynamical packing of multi-planet systems could help contribute to our understanding of their architectures and formation.
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