CK狐狸座的红外光谱：揭示了过去非常强大的爆炸
Infrared spectroscopy of CK Vulpeculae: revealing a remarkably powerful blast from the past
摘要：
狐狸座CK爆发于公元1670年至1671年，长期以来被认为是一颗新星爆发;然而，最近的观测要求考虑替代方案。本文报道的铁的禁线的长缝红外光谱显示，2010年在H $α$中成像的双极叶尖端的袢的高视线速度（$\sim\pm900$ ~km~s $^{-1}$）。假设双极星云的圆柱对称轴的倾角为$65^\circ$，则其尖端的反投影速度约为$\pm2130$ ~km~s $^{-1}$。如此高的速度与以前报道的CK~Vul中低得多的膨胀速度形成鲜明对比。基于10年基线上测得的尖端的解投影速度和它们的角膨胀，我们得到了一个修正的估计，估计的不确定性，$3.2^{+0.9}_{-0.6}$ ~kpc的距离CK~Vul。这意味着在1670年爆发的峰值时的绝对视星等是$M_V = -12.4^{+1.3}_{-2.4}$，表明1670年的事件比以前的估计要明亮得多，比任何经典新星或任何银河系恒星合并都要明亮。我们认为CK~Vul属于中亮度光学瞬变天体（Intermediate Luminosity Optical Transients，简称CTTs），它是介于新星和超新星之间的一个中间发光体。虽然低光度的超新星爆发归因于合并事件，但高亮度的超新星爆发的起源目前尚不清楚。
英文摘要：
CK Vulpeculae, which erupted in AD 1670-71, was long considered to be a nova outburst; however, recent observations have required that alternative scenarios be considered. Long slit infrared spectroscopy of a forbidden line of iron reported here has revealed high line-of-sight velocities ($\sim\pm900$~km~s$^{-1}$) of the ansae at the tips of the bipolar lobes imaged in H$α$ in 2010. The deprojected velocities of the tips are approximately $\pm2130$~km~s$^{-1}$ assuming the previously derived inclination angle of $65^\circ$ for the axis of cylindrical symmetry of the bipolar nebula. Such high velocities are in stark contrast to previous reports of much lower expansion velocities in CK~Vul. Based on the deprojected velocities of the tips and their angular expansion measured over a 10-year baseline, we derive a revised estimate, with estimated uncertainties, of $3.2^{+0.9}_{-0.6}$~kpc for the distance to CK~Vul. This implies that the absolute visual magnitude at the peak of the 1670 explosion was $M_V = -12.4^{+1.3}_{-2.4}$, indicating that the 1670 event was far more luminous than previous estimates and brighter than any classical nova or any Galactic stellar merger. We propose that CK~Vul belongs to the class of Intermediate Luminosity Optical Transients (ILOTs), objects which bridge the luminosity gap between novae and supernovae. While eruptions in lower luminosity ILOTs are attributed to merger events, the origin of the highly luminous ILOT outbursts is currently not known.
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