在体内和体外研究初级体轴的演变
Studying evolution of the primary body axis in vivo and in vitro
摘要：
后生动物的身体计划是在早期胚胎发生期间通过集体细胞重排和进化上保守的基因网络建立的，作为通常被称为原肠胚形成的过程的一部分。虽然在表征几种模式生物的胚胎发育方面已经取得了实质性进展，但许多早期模式化过程的基本原理仍然是谜。尽管在整个动物界〈动〉<动>和成体的身体形状（前）的多样性，身体轴，这可以说是最基本的特征，一般保持相同的门之间。最近，人们重新认识到离体和体外胚胎样系统来模拟早期胚胎图案形成事件。在这里，我们简要地回顾了关键的例子，并提出，在形态发生以及相关的基因表达动力学的相似性可能会揭示一个进化保守的发展模式，以及提供进一步的见解外部或胚外线索在塑造早期胚胎的作用。总之，我们认为，胚胎样系统可以用来通知以前未知的方面的动物身体计划的演变以及相关的图案规则。
英文摘要：
The metazoan body plan is established during early embryogenesis via collective cell rearrangements and evolutionarily conserved gene networks, as part of a process commonly referred to as gastrulation. While substantial progress has been achieved in terms of characterizing the embryonic development of several model organisms, underlying principles of many early patterning processes nevertheless remain enigmatic. Despite the diversity of (pre-)gastrulating embryo and adult body shapes across the animal kingdom, the body axes, which are arguably the most fundamental features, generally remain identical between phyla. Recently there has been a renewed appreciation of ex vivo and in vitro embryo-like systems to model early embryonic patterning events. Here, we briefly review key examples and propose that similarities in morphogenesis as well as associated gene expression dynamics may reveal an evolutionarily conserved developmental mode as well as provide further insights into the role of external or extraembryonic cues in shaping the early embryo. In summary, we argue that embryo-like systems can be employed to inform previously uncharted aspects of animal body plan evolution as well as associated patterning rules.
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