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arXiv 2011.00767cs.CL
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减少词性标注主动学习中的混淆

Reducing Confusion in Active Learning for Part-Of-Speech Tagging

Carnegie Mellon University(卡内基梅隆大学);George Mason University(乔治梅森大学)

Aditi Chaudhary, Antonios Anastasopoulos, Zaid Sheikh, Graham Neubig

摘要:

主动学习(AL)使用数据选择算法来选择有用的训练样本以最小化注释成本。现在,这是构建低资源句法分析器(如词性(POS)标记器)的重要工具。现有的人工智能算法通常是基于选择不确定但有代表性的训练实例的原则设计的,其中注释这些实例可以减少大量的错误。然而,在对六种类型不同的语言(德语、瑞典语、加利西亚语、北萨米语、波斯语和乌克兰语)进行的实证研究中,我们发现了一个令人惊讶的结果:即使在我们知道预测的真正不确定性的神谕场景中,这些当前的预测也远非最佳。基于这一分析,我们提出的问题AL选择实例,最大限度地减少特定的输出标签对之间的混乱。对上述语言的大量实验表明,我们提出的AL策略优于其他AL策略的显着保证金。我们还提供了辅助结果,证明了正确校准模型的重要性,我们通过交叉视图训练来确保这一点,并分析了我们提出的策略如何选择更接近Oracle数据分布的示例。

英文摘要:

Active learning (AL) uses a data selection algorithm to select useful training samples to minimize annotation cost. This is now an essential tool for building low-resource syntactic analyzers such as part-of-speech (POS) taggers. Existing AL heuristics are generally designed on the principle of selecting uncertain yet representative training instances, where annotating these instances may reduce a large number of errors. However, in an empirical study across six typologically diverse languages (German, Swedish, Galician, North Sami, Persian, and Ukrainian), we found the surprising result that even in an oracle scenario where we know the true uncertainty of predictions, these current heuristics are far from optimal. Based on this analysis, we pose the problem of AL as selecting instances which maximally reduce the confusion between particular pairs of output tags. Extensive experimentation on the aforementioned languages shows that our proposed AL strategy outperforms other AL strategies by a significant margin. We also present auxiliary results demonstrating the importance of proper calibration of models, which we ensure through cross-view training, and analysis demonstrating how our proposed strategy selects examples that more closely follow the oracle data distribution.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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