A Novel Semi-Supervised Data-Driven Method for Chiller Fault Diagnosis with Unlabeled Data
Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Anhui Polytechnic University（安徽工程大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Building and Construction Authority (BCA)（新加坡建设局）
Bingxu Li, Fanyong Cheng, Xin Zhang, Can Cui, Wenjian Cai
In practical chiller systems, applying efficient fault diagnosis techniques can significantly reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency of buildings. The success of the existing methods for fault diagnosis of chillers relies on the condition that sufficient labeled data are available for training. However, label acquisition is laborious and costly in practice. Usually, the number of labeled data is limited and most data available are unlabeled. The existing methods cannot exploit the information contained in unlabeled data, which significantly limits the improvement of fault diagnosis performance in chiller systems. To make effective use of unlabeled data to further improve fault diagnosis performance and reduce the dependency on labeled data, we proposed a novel semi-supervised data-driven fault diagnosis method for chiller systems based on the semi-generative adversarial network, which incorporates both unlabeled and labeled data into learning process. The semi-generative adversarial network can learn the information of data distribution from unlabeled data and this information can help to significantly improve the diagnostic performance. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Under the scenario that there are only 80 labeled samples and 16000 unlabeled samples, the proposed method can improve the diagnostic accuracy to 84%, while the supervised baseline methods only reach the accuracy of 65% at most. Besides, the minimal required number of labeled samples can be reduced by about 60% with the proposed method when there are enough unlabeled samples.
University of California, Los Angeles（加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校）；California NanoSystems Institute（加州纳米系统研究所）；David Geffen School of Medicine（戴维·格芬医学院）
Histological analysis of tissue samples is one of the most widely used methods for disease diagnosis. After taking a sample from a patient, it goes through a lengthy and laborious preparation, which stains the tissue to visualize different histological features under a microscope. Here, we demonstrate a label-free approach to create a virtually-stained microscopic image using a single wide-field auto-fluorescence image of an unlabeled tissue sample, bypassing the standard histochemical staining process, saving time and cost. This method is based on deep learning, and uses a convolutional neura…
Learning from positive and unlabeled data or PU learning is the setting where a learner only has access to positive examples and unlabeled data. The assumption is that the unlabeled data can contain both positive and negative examples. This setting has attracted increasing interest within the machine learning literature as this type of data naturally arises in applications such as medical diagnosis and knowledge base completion. This article provides a survey of the current state of the art in PU learning. It proposes seven key research questions that commonly arise in this field and provides …
The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；RIKEN（理化学研究所）；International Research Center for Neurointelligence（国际神经智能研究中心）
Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a variation of traditional supervised learning problems where data (referred to as bags) are composed of sub-elements (referred to as instances) and only bag labels are available. MIL has a variety of applications such as content-based image retrieval, text categorization and medical diagnosis. Most of the previous work for MIL assume that the training bags are fully labeled. However, it is often difficult to obtain an enough number of labeled bags in practical situations, while many unlabeled bags are available. A learning framework called PU learning (posi…
For many interesting tasks, such as medical diagnosis and web page classification, a learner only has access to some positively labeled examples and many unlabeled examples. Learning from this type of data requires making assumptions about the true distribution of the classes and/or the mechanism that was used to select the positive examples to be labeled. The commonly made assumptions, separability of the classes and positive examples being selected completely at random, are very strong. This paper proposes a weaker assumption that assumes the positive examples to be selected at random, condi…
Although data-driven fault diagnosis methods have been widely applied, massive labeled data are required for model training. However, a difficulty of implementing this in real industries hinders the application of these methods. Hence, an effective diagnostic approach that can work well in such situation is urgently needed.In this study, a multi-stage semi-supervised improved deep embedded clustering (MS-SSIDEC) method, which combines semi-supervised learning with improved deep embedded clustering (IDEC), is proposed to jointly explore scarce labeled data and massive unlabeled data. In the fir…
Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories（三菱电机研究实验室）
Most of the data-driven approaches applied to bearing fault diagnosis up to date are established in the supervised learning paradigm, which usually requires a large set of labeled data collected a priori. In practical applications, however, obtaining accurate labels based on real-time bearing conditions can be far more challenging than simply collecting a huge amount of unlabeled data using various sensors. In this paper, we thus propose a semi-supervised learning approach for bearing anomaly detection using variational autoencoder (VAE) based deep generative models, which allows for effective…
Politecnico di Milano（米兰理工大学）；Université de Strasbourg（斯特拉斯堡大学）；Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII（教皇约翰二十三世医院）
Objective: Accurate visual classification of bladder tissue during Trans-Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) procedures is essential to improve early cancer diagnosis and treatment. During TURBT interventions, White Light Imaging (WLI) and Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) techniques are used for lesion detection. Each imaging technique provides diverse visual information that allows clinicians to identify and classify cancerous lesions. Computer vision methods that use both imaging techniques could improve endoscopic diagnosis. We address the challenge of tissue classification when annotation…
Physics-Informed Deep Learning and Partial Transfer Learning for Bearing Fault Diagnosis in the Presence of Highly Missing Data
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University（塔里克·莫达雷斯大学电气与计算机工程学院）；Faculty of Technology and Engineering, University of Mazandaran（马赞德兰大学技术与工程学院）
University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）；University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）；George Mason University（乔治梅森大学）；University of Pittsburgh Medical Center（匹兹堡大学医学中心）
In dermatological disease diagnosis, the private data collected by mobile dermatology assistants exist on distributed mobile devices of patients. Federated learning (FL) can use decentralized data to train models while keeping data local. Existing FL methods assume all the data have labels. However, medical data often comes without full labels due to high labeling costs. Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods, contrastive learning (CL) and masked autoencoders (MAE), can leverage the unlabeled data to pre-train models, followed by fine-tuning with limited labels. However, combining SSL and FL h…
In recent years, an increasing popularity of deep learning model for intelligent condition monitoring and diagnosis as well as prognostics used for mechanical systems and structures has been observed. In the previous studies, however, a major assumption accepted by default, is that the training and testing data are taking from same feature distribution. Unfortunately, this assumption is mostly invalid in real application, resulting in a certain lack of applicability for the traditional diagnosis approaches. Inspired by the idea of transfer learning that leverages the knowledge learnt from rich…
China University of Mining and Technology（中国矿业大学）；Xuzhou Medical University（徐州医科大学）
Traditional intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearings work well only under a common assumption that the labeled training data (source domain) and unlabeled testing data (target domain) are drawn from the same distribution. However, in many real-world applications, this assumption does not hold, especially when the working condition varies. In this paper, a new adversarial adaptive 1-D CNN called A2CNN is proposed to address this problem. A2CNN consists of four parts, namely, a source feature extractor, a target feature extractor, a label classifier and a domain discriminator. The layers …
Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS（弗劳恩霍夫集成电路研究所）；Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich（慕尼黑大学）
Unlabeled data is often abundant in the clinic, making machine learning methods based on semi-supervised learning a good match for this setting. Despite this, they are currently receiving relatively little attention in medical image analysis literature. Instead, most practitioners and researchers focus on supervised or transfer learning approaches. The recently proposed MixMatch and FixMatch algorithms have demonstrated promising results in extracting useful representations while requiring very few labels. Motivated by these recent successes, we apply MixMatch and FixMatch in an ophthalmologic…
Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织电子健康研究中心）；Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital（皇家布里斯班妇女医院）
Reviewing radiology reports in emergency departments is an essential but laborious task. Timely follow-up of patients with abnormal cases in their radiology reports may dramatically affect the patient's outcome, especially if they have been discharged with a different initial diagnosis. Machine learning approaches have been devised to expedite the process and detect the cases that demand instant follow up. However, these approaches require a large amount of labeled data to train reliable predictive models. Preparing such a large dataset, which needs to be manually annotated by health professio…
Learning from positive and unlabeled (PU) data is a setting where the learner only has access to positive and unlabeled samples while having no information on negative examples. Such PU setting is of great importance in various tasks such as medical diagnosis, social network analysis, financial markets analysis, and knowledge base completion, which also tend to be intrinsically imbalanced, i.e., where most examples are actually negatives. Most existing approaches for PU learning, however, only consider artificially balanced datasets and it is unclear how well they perform in the realistic scen…
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology（韩国科学技术院）；Asan Medical Center（峨山医院）；University of Ulsan College of Medicine（蔚山大学医学院）；College of Medicine, Yeungnam University（岭南大学医学院）；School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University（庆北国立大学医学院）
Under the global COVID-19 crisis, developing robust diagnosis algorithm for COVID-19 using CXR is hampered by the lack of the well-curated COVID-19 data set, although CXR data with other disease are abundant. This situation is suitable for vision transformer architecture that can exploit the abundant unlabeled data using pre-training. However, the direct use of existing vision transformer that uses the corpus generated by the ResNet is not optimal for correct feature embedding. To mitigate this problem, we propose a novel vision Transformer by using the low-level CXR feature corpus that are ob…
Northeastern University（东北大学）；Siemens Healthcare（西门子医疗）；IKM CAD and Knowledge Solutions（IKM CAD与知识解决方案）
Learning algorithms normally assume that there is at most one annotation or label per data point. However, in some scenarios, such as medical diagnosis and on-line collaboration,multiple annotations may be available. In either case, obtaining labels for data points can be expensive and time-consuming (in some circumstances ground-truth may not exist). Semi-supervised learning approaches have shown that utilizing the unlabeled data is often beneficial in these cases. This paper presents a probabilistic semi-supervised model and algorithm that allows for learning from both unlabeled and labeled …
Diagnosis of Multiple Fundus Disorders Amidst a Scarcity of Medical Experts Via Self-supervised Machine Learning
Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）；Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University（首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院）；The University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；Imperial College London（帝国理工学院）
Recent progress on intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) has greatly depended on deep representation learning and plenty of labeled data. However, machines often operate with various working conditions or the target task has different distributions with the collected data used for training (the domain shift problem). Besides, the newly collected test data in the target domain are usually unlabeled, leading to unsupervised deep transfer learning based (UDTL-based) IFD problem. Although it has achieved huge development, a standard and open source code framework as well as a comparative study for UDT…
KAIST（韩国科学技术院）；Asan Medical Center（峨山医学中心）；University of Ulsan College of Medicine（蔚山大学医学院）；Yeungnam University（岭南大学）；Kyungpook National University（庆北国立大学）；Seoul National University（首尔国立大学）
Although deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis systems have recently achieved expert-level performance, developing a robust deep learning model requires large, high-quality data with manual annotation, which is expensive to obtain. This situation poses the problem that the chest x-rays collected annually in hospitals cannot be used due to the lack of manual labeling by experts, especially in deprived areas. To address this, here we present a novel deep learning framework that uses knowledge distillation through self-supervised learning and self-training, which shows that the performance…
University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）；University of Notre Dame（圣母大学）；George Mason University（乔治梅森大学）；University of New Mexico（新墨西哥大学）；University of Pittsburgh Medical Center（匹兹堡大学医学中心）
Deep learning models have been deployed in an increasing number of edge and mobile devices to provide healthcare. These models rely on training with a tremendous amount of labeled data to achieve high accuracy. However, for medical applications such as dermatological disease diagnosis, the private data collected by mobile dermatology assistants exist on distributed mobile devices of patients, and each device only has a limited amount of data. Directly learning from limited data greatly deteriorates the performance of learned models. Federated learning (FL) can train models by using data distri…
Tufts University（塔夫茨大学）；CVAI Solutions（CVAI解决方案公司）；Tufts Medical Center（塔夫茨医疗中心）
Semi-supervised image classification has shown substantial progress in learning from limited labeled data, but recent advances remain largely untested for clinical applications. Motivated by the urgent need to improve timely diagnosis of life-threatening heart conditions, especially aortic stenosis, we develop a benchmark dataset to assess semi-supervised approaches to two tasks relevant to cardiac ultrasound (echocardiogram) interpretation: view classification and disease severity classification. We find that a state-of-the-art method called MixMatch achieves promising gains in heldout accura…
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Image and Graphic intelligent processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology（广西图像图形智能处理重点实验室，桂林电子科技大学）；School of Computer Science and Information Safety, Guilin University of Electronic Technology（桂林电子科技大学计算机科学与信息安全学院）
In many practical data mining scenarios, such as network intrusion detection, Twitter spam detection, and computer-aided diagnosis, a source domain that is different from but related to a target domain is very common. In addition, a large amount of unlabeled data is available in both source and target domains, but labeling each of them is difficult, expensive, time-consuming, and sometime unnecessary. Therefore, it is very important and worthwhile to fully explore the labeled and unlabeled data in source and target domains to settle the task in target domain. In this paper, a new semi-supervis…
F Hoffmann-La Roche AG（罗氏公司）；Genentech Inc（基因泰克公司）；ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；Uppsala University（乌普萨拉大学）
Accurate segmentation of retinal fluids in 3D Optical Coherence Tomography images is key for diagnosis and personalized treatment of eye diseases. While deep learning has been successful at this task, trained supervised models often fail for images that do not resemble labeled examples, e.g. for images acquired using different devices. We hereby propose a novel semi-supervised learning framework for segmentation of volumetric images from new unlabeled domains. We jointly use supervised and contrastive learning, also introducing a contrastive pairing scheme that leverages similarity between nea…
Unsupervised Multi-Attention Meta Transformer for Rotating Machinery Fault Diagnosis
organization= Centre for Effciency；Performance Engineering, University of Huddersfield , city= Huddersfield , country= HD1 3DH, UK；organization= National Key Laboratory of Space Integrated Information System, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences , city= Beijing , country= China；organization= Nanjing Forestry University , city= Beijing , country= China；organization= School of Mechanical Electrical Engineering, Beijing Information Science \& Technology University , city= Beijing,100192 , country= China；organization= Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement \& Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Information Science \& Technology University , city= Beijing , country= China；organization= Department of Production Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , city= Stockholm , country= Sweden
Computer-aided diagnosis via deep learning relies on large-scale annotated data sets, which can be costly when involving expert knowledge. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) mitigates this challenge by leveraging unlabeled data. One effective SSL approach is to regularize the local smoothness of neural functions via perturbations around single data points. In this work, we argue that regularizing the global smoothness of neural functions by filling the void in between data points can further improve SSL. We present a novel SSL approach that trains the neural network on linear mixing of labeled and…
Hebei University of Technology（河北工业大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）
Deep learning based semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods have achieved strong performance in medical image segmentation, which can alleviate doctors' expensive annotation by utilizing a large amount of unlabeled data. Unlike most existing semi-supervised learning methods, adversarial training based methods distinguish samples from different sources by learning the data distribution of the segmentation map, leading the segmenter to generate more accurate predictions. We argue that the current performance restrictions for such approaches are the problems of feature extraction and learning pref…
Overcoming Negative Transfer by Online Selection: Distant Domain Adaptation for Fault Diagnosis
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学计算机科学与工程学院）；Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research（新加坡科技研究局信息通信研究院）；Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学自然科学高等研究院）；Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学计算机科学与工程学系）
Intelligent Condition Monitoring of Industrial Plants: An Overview of Methodologies and Uncertainty Management Strategies
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria（电气与计算机工程系，维多利亚大学）；Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria（机械工程系，维多利亚大学）
Mapping the landscape of histomorphological cancer phenotypes using self-supervised learning on unlabeled, unannotated pathology slides
University of Glasgow（格拉斯哥大学）；New York University School of Medicine（纽约大学医学院）；New York University Langone Health（纽约大学朗格尼医学中心）；Karolinska Institutet（卡罗林斯卡学院）；University College London Hospital（伦敦大学学院医院）
The emergence of novel pathogens and zoonotic diseases like the SARS-CoV-2 have underlined the need for developing novel diagnosis and intervention pipelines that can learn rapidly from small amounts of labeled data. Combined with technological advances in next-generation sequencing, metagenome-based diagnostic tools hold much promise to revolutionize rapid point-of-care diagnosis. However, there are significant challenges in developing such an approach, the chief among which is to learn self-supervised representations that can help detect novel pathogen signatures with very low amounts of lab…
Deep learning demands a huge amount of well-labeled data to train the network parameters. How to use the least amount of labeled data to obtain the desired classification accuracy is of great practical significance, because for many real-world applications (such as medical diagnosis), it is difficult to obtain so many labeled samples. In this paper, modify the unsupervised discriminant projection algorithm from dimension reduction and apply it as a regularization term to propose a new semi-supervised deep learning algorithm, which is able to utilize both the local and nonlocal distribution of …
University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）；Amazon（亚马逊）；Idiap Research Institute（Idiap研究所）
The availability of clean and diverse labeled data is a major roadblock for training models on complex tasks such as visual question answering (VQA). The extensive work on large vision-and-language models has shown that self-supervised learning is effective for pretraining multimodal interactions. In this technical report, we focus on visual representations. We review and evaluate self-supervised methods to leverage unlabeled images and pretrain a model, which we then fine-tune on a custom VQA task that allows controlled evaluation and diagnosis. We compare energy-based models (EBMs) with cont…
Semi-Supervised Federated Learning via Dual Contrastive Learning and Soft Labeling for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis
School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学电子与光学工程学院）；School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University（东南大学信息科学与工程学院）；Institute of Artificial Intelligence Research, Jiangsu Second Normal University（江苏第二师范学院人工智能研究所）；Digital Research Institute, ENN Group（ENN集团数字研究院）；School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University（拉筹伯大学计算、工程与数学科学学院）；College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University（詹姆斯库克大学科学与工程学院）
University of Texas at Dallas（德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校）；Northern Arizona University（北亚利桑那大学）；Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）
Current leading mispronunciation detection and diagnosis (MDD) systems achieve promising performance via end-to-end phoneme recognition. One challenge of such end-to-end solutions is the scarcity of human-annotated phonemes on natural L2 speech. In this work, we leverage unlabeled L2 speech via a pseudo-labeling (PL) procedure and extend the fine-tuning approach based on pre-trained self-supervised learning (SSL) models. Specifically, we use Wav2vec 2.0 as our SSL model, and fine-tune it using original labeled L2 speech samples plus the created pseudo-labeled L2 speech samples. Our pseudo labe…
National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；National University Hospital（国立大学医院）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）
In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised learning (SSL) framework named BoostMIS that combines adaptive pseudo labeling and informative active annotation to unleash the potential of medical image SSL models: (1) BoostMIS can adaptively leverage the cluster assumption and consistency regularization of the unlabeled data according to the current learning status. This strategy can adaptively generate one-hot "hard" labels converted from task model predictions for better task model training. (2) For the unselected unlabeled images with low confidence, we introduce an Active learning (AL) …
Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University（信息科技与通讯科学学院，坦佩雷大学）；Faculty of Medicine and the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology at the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital（医学学院及赫尔辛基大学临床神经生理学系，赫尔辛基大学医院）；Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University（电子工程系，卡塔尔大学）
Chonnam National University（全南国立大学）；University of Arkansas（阿肯色大学）；West Virginia University（西弗吉尼亚大学）
Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is one of the most effective sources of information mainly employed for the diagnosis and prediction of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) connected with the abnormalities in heart rhythm. Clearly, single modality ECG (i.e. time series) cannot convey its complete characteristics, thus, exploiting both time and time-frequency modalities in the form of time-series data and spectrogram is needed. Leveraging the cutting-edge self-supervised learning (SSL) technique on unlabeled data, we propose SSL-based multimodality ECG classification. Our proposed network follows SSL …
Aortic Valve Disease Screening from PPG via Physiology-Guided Self-Supervised Learning
Department of Computer Science, Tianjin University of Technology（天津理工大学计算机科学系）；National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University（北京大学国家健康数据科学研究院）；Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital（北京大学人民医院心内科）；HeartVoice Medical Technology（心声医疗科技）；DCST, BNRist, RIIT, Institute of Internet Industry, Tsinghua University（清华大学计算机科学与技术系、北京人工智能研究所、互联网产业研究所）；Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center（北京大学健康科学中心医学技术研究所）；Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University（北京大学人工智能研究所）；State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University（北京大学血管稳态与重塑国家重点实验室、国家心血管分子生物学与调节肽重点实验室）
École Polytechnique de Montréal（蒙特利尔理工学院）；Centre d'intelligence artificielle appliquée (JACOBB)（应用人工智能中心（JACOBB））；Intellident Dentaire Inc.（Intellident牙科公司）
Teeth segmentation is an important topic in dental restorations that is essential for crown generation, diagnosis, and treatment planning. In the dental field, the variability of input data is high and there are no publicly available 3D dental arch datasets. Although there has been improvement in the field provided by recent deep learning architectures on 3D data, there still exists some problems such as properly identifying missing teeth in an arch. We propose to use spectral clustering as a self-supervisory signal to joint-train neural networks for segmentation of 3D arches. Our approach is …
Anomaly detection in images plays a significant role for many applications across all industries, such as disease diagnosis in healthcare or quality assurance in manufacturing. Manual inspection of images, when extended over a monotonously repetitive period of time is very time consuming and can lead to anomalies being overlooked.Artificial neural networks have proven themselves very successful on simple, repetitive tasks, in some cases even outperforming humans. Therefore, in this paper we investigate different methods of deep learning, including supervised and unsupervised learning, for anom…
University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）
In recent decades, science and engineering have been revolutionized by a momentous growth in the amount of available data. However, despite the unprecedented ease with which data are now collected and stored, labeling data by supplementing each feature with an informative tag remains to be challenging. Illustrative tasks where the labeling process requires expert knowledge or is tedious and time-consuming include labeling X-rays with a diagnosis, protein sequences with a protein type, texts by their topic, tweets by their sentiment, or videos by their genre. In these and numerous other example…
