SNEWS 2.0: A Next-Generation SuperNova Early Warning System for Multi-messenger Astronomy
S. Al Kharusi, S. Y. BenZvi, J. S. Bobowski, W. Bonivento, V. Brdar, T. Brunner, E. Caden, M. Clark, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer-Molla, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, A. Depoi… 展开作者
S. Al Kharusi, S. Y. BenZvi, J. S. Bobowski, W. Bonivento, V. Brdar, T. Brunner, E. Caden, M. Clark, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer-Molla, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, A. Depoian, D. Dornic, V. Fischer, D. Franco, W. Fulgione, A. Gallo Rosso, M. Geske, S. Griswold, M. Gromov, D. Haggard, A. Habig, O. Halim, A. Higuera, R. Hill, S. Horiuchi, K. Ishidoshiro, C. Kato, E. Katsavounidis, D. Khaitan, J. P. Kneller, A. Kopec, V. Kulikovskiy, M. Lai, M. Lamoureux, R. F. Lang, H. L. Li, M. Lincetto, C. Lunardini, J. Migenda, D. Milisavljevic, M. E. McCarthy, E. O'Connor, E. O'Sullivan, G. Pagliaroli, D. Patel, R. Peres, B. W. Pointon, J. Qin, N. Raj, A. Renshaw, A. Roeth, J. Rumleskie, K. Scholberg, A. Sheshukov, T. Sonley, M. Strait, V. Takhistov, I. Tamborra, J. Tseng, C. D. Tunnell, J. Vasel, C. F. Vigorito, B. Viren, C. J. Virtue, J. S. Wang, L. J. Wen, L. Winslow, F. L. H. Wolfs, X. J. Xu, Y. Xu
The next core-collapse supernova in the Milky Way or its satellites will represent a once-in-a-generation opportunity to obtain detailed information about the explosion of a star and provide significant scientific insight for a variety of fields because of the extreme conditions found within. Supernovae in our galaxy are not only rare on a human timescale but also happen at unscheduled times, so it is crucial to be ready and use all available instruments to capture all possible information from the event. The first indication of a potential stellar explosion will be the arrival of a bright burst of neutrinos. Its observation by multiple detectors worldwide can provide an early warning for the subsequent electromagnetic fireworks, as well as signal to other detectors with significant backgrounds so they can store their recent data. The Supernova Early Warning System (SNEWS) has been operating as a simple coincidence between neutrino experiments in automated mode since 2005. In the current era of multi-messenger astronomy there are new opportunities for SNEWS to optimize sensitivity to science from the next Galactic supernova beyond the simple early alert. This document is the product of a workshop in June 2019 towards design of SNEWS 2.0, an upgraded SNEWS with enhanced capabilities exploiting the unique advantages of prompt neutrino detection to maximize the science gained from such a valuable event.
The next galactic supernova presents a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to obtain detailed information about the explosion of a star and the extreme conditions found within its core. A core-collapse supernova will produce a neutrino burst visible up to half a day before the electromagnetic radiation from the explosion, so the burst will provide an early warning for optical follow-up. Since local supernovae are exceedingly rare, it is critical that neutrino detectors provide prompt alerts after the arrival of a burst. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory operates with $>99\%$ uptime and is sensitive …
Since 1997 the neutrino telescope AMANDA at the geographic South Pole has been monitoring our Galaxy for neutrino bursts from supernovae. Triggers were introduced in 2004 to submit burst candidates to the Supernova Early Warning System SNEWS. From 2007 the burst search was extended to the much larger IceCube telescope, which now supersedes AMANDA. By exploiting the low photomultiplier noise in the antarctic ice (on average 280Hz for IceCube), neutrino bursts from nearby supernovae can be identified by the induced collective rise in the pulse rates. Although only a counting experiment, IceCube …
Data-driven core collapse supernova multilateration with first neutrino events
Oxford University（牛津大学）；Université Libre de Bruxelles（布鲁塞尔自由大学）；Duke University（杜克大学）；University of Minnesota Duluth（明尼苏达大学德卢斯分校）；University of Rochester（罗切斯特大学）；Karlsruhe Institute of Technology（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院）；North Carolina State University（北卡罗来纳州立大学）；King’s College London（伦敦国王学院）；Purdue University（普渡大学）；Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学）
The multi-messenger observation of the next galactic core-collapse supernova will shed light on the different physical processes involved in these energetic explosions. Good timing and pointing capabilities of neutrino detectors would help in the search for an electromagnetic or gravitational-wave counterparts. An approach for the determination of the arrival time delay of the neutrino signal at different experiments using a direct detected neutrino light-curve matching is discussed. A simplified supernova model and detector simulation are used for its application. The arrival time delay and i…
One of the few remaining unknowns in the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation paradigm is the ordering of neutrino masses. In this work we propose a novel method for determining neutrino mass ordering using the time information on early supernova neutrino events. In a core-collapse supernova, neutrinos are produced earlier than antineutrinos and, depending on the mass ordering which affects the adiabatic flavor evolution, may cause earlier observable signals in $ν_e$ detection channels than in others. Hence, the time differences are sensitive to the mass ordering. We find that using the …
We investigate the prospects of electromagnetic follow-up observations for binary neutron star (BNS) mergers, with the help of early warnings from decihertz gravitational-wave (GW) observatories, B-DECIGO and DO-Optimal. Extending the previous work, we not only give quick assessments of joint short $γ$-ray burst (sGRB) detection rates for different $γ$-ray satellites and BNS population models, but also elaborate on the analyses and results on multi-band kilonova detections for survey telescopes with different limiting magnitudes. During an assumed 4-year mission time for decihertz GW observato…
Gravitational-wave observations became commonplace in Advanced LIGO-Virgo's recently concluded third observing run. 56 non-retracted candidates were identified and publicly announced in near real time. Gravitational waves from binary neutron star mergers, however, remain of special interest since they can be precursors to high-energy astrophysical phenomena like $γ$-ray bursts and kilonovae. While late-time electromagnetic emissions provide important information about the astrophysical processes within, the prompt emission along with gravitational waves uniquely reveals the extreme matter and …
A crucial component to maximizing the science gain from the multi-messenger follow-up of gravitational-wave (GW) signals from compact binary mergers is the prompt discovery of the electromagnetic counterpart. Ideally, the GW detection and localization must be reported early enough to allow for telescopes to slew to the location of the GW-event before the onset of the counterpart. However, the time available for early warning is limited by the short duration spent by the dominant ($\ell = m = 2$) mode within the detector's frequency band. Nevertheless, we show that, including higher modes - whi…
Neutron stars in astrophysical binary systems represent exciting sources for multi-messenger astrophysics. A potential source of electromagnetic transients from compact binary systems is the neutron star ocean, the external fluid layer encasing a neutron star. We present a groundwork study into tidal waves in neutron star oceans and their consequences. Specifically, we investigate how oscillation modes in neutron star oceans can be tidally excited during compact binary inspirals and parabolic encounters. We find that neutron star oceans can sustain tidal waves with frequencies between $0.01-20…
Core-Collapse Supernovae, failed supernovae and quark novae are expected to release an energy of few $10^{53}$ ergs through MeV neutrinos and a network of detectors is operative to look online for these events. However, when the source distance increases and/or the average energy of emitted neutrinos decreases, the signal statistics drops and the identification of these low statistic astrophysical bursts could be challenging. In a standard search, neutrino detectors characterise the observed clusters of events with a parameter called multiplicity, i.e. the number of collected events in a fixed…
The tidal disruption of stars by (super-)massive black holes in galactic nuclei has been discussed in theoretical terms for about 30 years but only in the past decade have we been able to detect such events in substantial numbers. Thus, we are now starting to carry out observational tests of models for the disruption. We are also formulating expectations for the inspiral and disruption of white dwarfs by intermediate-mass black holes with masses $< 10^5\;{\rm M}_\odot$. Such events are very rich with information and open a new window to intermediate-mass black holes, thought to live in dwarf g…
The success of the multi-messenger astronomy relies on gravitational-wave observatories like LIGO and Virgo to provide prompt warning of merger events involving neutron stars (including both binary neutron stars and neutron-star-black-holes), which further depends critically on the low-frequency sensitivity of LIGO as a typical binary neutron star stays in this band for minutes. However, the current sub-60 Hz sensitivity of LIGO has not yet reached its design target and the excess noise can be more than an order of magnitude below 20 Hz. It is limited by nonlinearly coupled noises from auxilia…
Detection, sky localization and early warning for binary neutron star mergers by detectors located in China of different configurations in third generation detector network
本文评估了在中国部署不同构型第三代探测器对 ET-CE 网络探测双中子星并合的提升，发现中国探测器可提高探测率、显著改善天区定位并增强预警能力，其中 20 km 高频探测器在远距离探测上贡献突出。
Early Warning From Eccentric Compact Binaries: Template Initialization And Sub-dominant Mode Effects
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（国际理论科学中心，塔塔基础研究所）；Gravity Exploration Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University（引力探索研究所，卡迪夫大学物理与天文学院）；Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras（印度马德拉斯理工学院物理系）；Centre for Strings, Gravitation and Cosmology, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras（印度马德拉斯理工学院物理系弦、引力和宇宙学中心）
Core-collapse supernovae produce an intense burst of electron antineutrinos in the few-tens-of-MeV range. Several Large Liquid Scintillator-based Detectors (LLSD) are currently operated worldwide, being very effective for low energy antineutrino detection through the Inverse Beta Decay (IBD) process. In this article, we develop a procedure for the prompt extraction of the supernova location by revisiting the details of IBD kinematics over the broad energy range of supernova neutrinos. Combining all current scintillator-based detector, we show that one can locate a canonical supernova at 10 kpc…
Massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) of $10^5 \, \rm M_\odot - 3 \times 10^7 \, \rm M_\odot $ merging in low redshift galaxies ($z\le4$) are sufficiently loud to be detected weeks before coalescence with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). This allows us to perform the parameter estimation $on$ $the$ $fly$, i.e. as a function of the time to coalescence during the inspiral phase, relevant for early warning of the planned LISA protected periods and for searches of electromagnetic signals. In this work, we study the evolution of the sky position, luminosity distance, chirp mass and mass…
