大质量前星核的氘化学动力学
Deuterium Chemodynamics of Massive Pre-Stellar Cores
摘要：
$\rm N_2H^+$的高水平氘分馏（即，$\rm D_{frac}^{N_2H^+} \gtrsim 0.1$）经常在星前核（PSC）中被观测到，而探测$\rm N_2D^+$是识别难以捉摸的大质量PSC的一种很有前途的方法。然而，达到如此高水平的氘化所需的物理和化学条件仍然不确定，因为PSC的$\rm N_2H^+$和$\rm N_2D^+$观察的诊断效用也不确定。我们进行3D磁流体力学模拟的一个大规模的，动荡的，磁化PSC，加上一个复杂的氘化天体化学网络。虽然核心有一些磁场/湍流的支持，但它在重力作用下在大约一个自由落体时间内崩溃，这标志着模拟的结束。在此期间，我们的基准模型实现了相对较低的$\rm D_{frac}^{N_2H^+} \sim 0.002$。然后，我们调查的影响，初始的邻-对位比的$\rm H_2$（$\rm OPR^{H_2}$），温度，宇宙射线（CR）电离率，CO和N-物种耗尽因子和先前的PSC化学演变。我们发现，高CR电离率和高损耗因子允许模拟的$\rm D_{frac}^{N_2H^+}$和绝对丰度匹配观测值在一个自由落体时间。对于$\rm OPR^{H_2}$，虽然较低的初始值有助于$\rm D_{frac}^{N_2H^+}$的生长，但与观察到的系统相比，氘代的空间结构过于广泛。对于一个例子模型与CR电离率升高和显着的重元素耗尽，然后，我们研究的核心跟踪其$\rm N_2D^+$发射的运动学和动力学性质。核心，经历相当迅速的崩溃，在其平均速度地图上显示出扰动的运动学。尽管如此，由于磁支持，核心经常出现基于其$\rm N_2D^+$速度分散的运动学亚维里。
英文摘要：
High levels of deuterium fractionation of $\rm N_2H^+$ (i.e., $\rm D_{frac}^{N_2H^+} \gtrsim 0.1$) are often observed in pre-stellar cores (PSCs) and detection of $\rm N_2D^+$ is a promising method to identify elusive massive PSCs. However, the physical and chemical conditions required to reach such high levels of deuteration are still uncertain, as is the diagnostic utility of $\rm N_2H^+$ and $\rm N_2D^+$ observations of PSCs. We perform 3D magnetohydrodynamics simulations of a massive, turbulent, magnetised PSC, coupled with a sophisticated deuteration astrochemical network. Although the core has some magnetic/turbulent support, it collapses under gravity in about one freefall time, which marks the end of the simulations. Our fiducial model achieves relatively low $\rm D_{frac}^{N_2H^+} \sim 0.002$ during this time. We then investigate effects of initial ortho-para ratio of $\rm H_2$ ($\rm OPR^{H_2}$), temperature, cosmic ray (CR) ionization rate, CO and N-species depletion factors and prior PSC chemical evolution. We find that high CR ionization rates and high depletion factors allow the simulated $\rm D_{frac}^{N_2H^+}$ and absolute abundances to match observational values within one freefall time. For $\rm OPR^{H_2}$, while a lower initial value helps the growth of $\rm D_{frac}^{N_2H^+}$, the spatial structure of deuteration is too widespread compared to observed systems. For an example model with elevated CR ionization rates and significant heavy element depletion, we then study the kinematic and dynamic properties of the core as traced by its $\rm N_2D^+$ emission. The core, undergoing quite rapid collapse, exhibits disturbed kinematics in its average velocity map. Still, because of magnetic support, the core often appears kinematically sub-virial based on its $\rm N_2D^+$ velocity dispersion.
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