基于UHF和RSSI最大似然估计的空气绝缘变电站局部放电波达方向估计
Partial Discharge Direction of Arrival Estimation in Air-insulated Substation by UHF Wireless Array and RSSI Maximum Likelihood Estimator
摘要：
基于超高频（UHF）传感器阵列的空气绝缘变电站（AIS）局部放电（PD）快速检测和定位是电力设备监测的有效方法。目前采用的超高频局部放电到达时间差（TDOA）方法主要是利用电磁波信号的时间差。因此，系统需要高采样率和时间同步精度，导致高成本和大尺寸。在本研究中，使用UHF无线传感器阵列和接收信号强度指示器来研究AIS中PD DOA的可行性和准确性。首先，通过离线实验获得了所设计的UHF无线传感器阵列的功率方向图。然后，基于最大似然估计的PD DOA方法的统计方法被用来获得初步的DOA结果。最后，利用插值和聚类算法提高DOA估计的精度。进行了实验室检查。PD DOA的平均误差小于6°，性价比和便携性明显提高。
英文摘要：
The quick detection and localization of partial discharge (PD) in an air-insulated substation (AIS) based on ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) sensor arrays are efficient for power equipment monitoring. The adopted UHF PD time difference of arrival (TDOA) methods mainly use the time difference of electromagnetic wave signals. Thus, the system requires both a high sampling rate and time synchronization accuracy, leading to a high cost and large size. In this study, the feasibility and accuracy of PD DOA in an AIS were investigated using a UHF wireless sensor array and the received signal strength indicator. First, the power pattern of the designed UHF wireless sensor array was obtained via an offline experiment. Then, a statistical approach to the PD DOA method based on the maximum likelihood estimator was employed to obtain the preliminary DOA result. Finally, interpolation and clustering algorithms were used to improve the accuracy of the DOA. A laboratory test was conducted. The average error of the PD DOA was less than 6°, and the cost-effectiveness and portability were clearly improved.
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