arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2010.06110stat.MEstat.AP
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小样本量下的贝叶斯推断--一种无信息先验方法

Bayesian inference under small sample size -- A noninformative prior approach

Jingjing He, Xuefei Guan

摘要:

本文提出了一种适用于小样本、稀疏数据问题的贝叶斯推断方法。提出了一种一般的先验($\propto 1/σ^{q}$),用于小样本量下的贝叶斯后验推理问题。它表明,这种类型的先验可以代表广泛的先验,如经典的无信息先验和渐近局部不变的先验。它进一步表明,在这项研究中,这样的先验可以推导出的正态-逆-伽玛共轭先验的极限状态,允许贝叶斯后验和预测的分析评估。在小样本量条件下,利用全局似然法比较了不同无信息先验的性能。采用拉普拉斯近似的方法来估计全局似然。数值线性回归问题和实际的疲劳可靠性问题被用来证明该方法和确定最佳的无信息先验。结果表明,使用Jeffreys的先验的预测优于其他人。在小样本量条件下,证明了无信息贝叶斯估计量优于常规最小二乘估计量。

英文摘要:

A Bayesian inference method for problems with small samples and sparse data is presented in this paper. A general type of prior ($\propto 1/σ^{q}$) is proposed to formulate the Bayesian posterior for inference problems under small sample size. It is shown that this type of prior can represents a broad range of priors such as classical noninformative priors and asymptotically locally invariant priors. It is further shown in this study that such priors can be derived as the limiting states of Normal-Inverse-Gamma conjugate priors, allowing for analytical evaluations of Bayesian posteriors and predictors. The performance of different noninformative priors under small sample size is compared using the global likelihood. The method of Laplace approximation is employed to evaluate the global likelihood. A numerical linear regression problem and a realistic fatigue reliability problem are used to demonstrate the method and identify the optimal noninformative prior. Results indicate the predictor using Jeffreys' prior outperforms others. The advantage of the noninformative Bayesian estimator over the regular least square estimator under small sample size is shown.

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