线粒体核相容性模型及其在物种识别中的作用
Modeling Mito-nuclear Compatibility and its Role in Species Identification
摘要：
线粒体遗传物质被广泛用于系统发育重建和物种鉴定的条形码。在这里，我们研究了线粒体核相互作用如何影响mtDNA物种识别的准确性，以及物种形成过程本身。我们模拟了携带重组核基因组和母系遗传线粒体基因组的个体群体的进化。我们比较了一个空模型适应度景观，缺乏任何线粒体核相互作用的情况下，相互作用影响健身。适应性是根据个体的线粒体-核相容性来分配的，这驱动了核和线粒体基因组的共同进化。当种群分裂成不同的物种时，我们分析mtDNA条形码用于物种鉴定的准确性。值得注意的是，我们发现，线粒体DNA的物种鉴定是同样准确的存在或不存在的线粒体核耦合和成功的DNA条形码主要来自人口地理隔离〈动〉<动>在物种形成。然而，选择施加的线粒体核相容性影响的多样化过程和叶签名的遗传内容和空间分布的人口，在三个方面：系统发育树更平衡;分支强烈相关的空间分布和;有一个大幅度增加的种内mtDNA相似性。我们比较我们的模型中观察到的桡足类（\textit{T. californicus}）的经验数据的进化模式。我们发现很好的定性协议的地理格局和拓扑结构的系统发育树，提供的模型包括选择基于线粒体-核相互作用。这些结果突出了线粒体核相容性在物种形成过程中的作用，并从遗传数据重建。
英文摘要：
Mitochondrial genetic material is widely used for phylogenetic reconstruction and as a barcode for species identification. Here we study how mito-nuclear interactions affect the accuracy of species identification by mtDNA, as well as the speciation process itself. We simulate the evolution of a population of individuals who carry a recombining nuclear genome and a mitochondrial genome inherited maternally. We compare a null model fitness landscape that lacks any mito-nuclear interaction against a scenario in which interactions influence fitness. Fitness is assigned to individuals according to their mito-nuclear compatibility, which drives the coevolution of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. When the population breaks into distinct species we analyze the accuracy of mtDNA barcode for species identification. Remarkably, we find that species identification by mtDNA is equally accurate in the presence or absence of mito-nuclear coupling and that the success of the DNA barcode derives mainly from population geographical isolation during speciation. Nevertheless, selection imposed by mito-nuclear compatibility influences the diversification process and leaves signatures in the genetic content and spatial distribution of the populations, in three ways: phylogenetic trees are more balanced; clades correlate strongly with the spatial distribution and; there is a substantial increase in the intraspecies mtDNA similarity. We compare the evolutionary patterns observed in our model to empirical data from copepods (\textit{T. californicus}). We find good qualitative agreement in the geographic patterns and the topology of the phylogenetic tree, provided the model includes selection based on mito-nuclear interactions. These results highlight the role of mito-nuclear compatibility in the speciation process and its reconstruction from genetic data.
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