$Λ$型三能级系统量子光学区的暗态和损耗诱导现象
Dark-state and loss-induced phenomena in the quantum-optical regime of $Λ$-type three-level systems
摘要：
物质与量子光的相互作用导致了不能用半经典方法解释的现象。特别感兴趣的是具有宽光子数分布的状态，其允许具有高阶Fock状态的过程。在这里，我们分析了一个Jaynes-Cummings型模型的三个电子能级，这是由量子光激发。作为量子光，我们考虑相干态和压缩态。在我们的模拟中，我们包括几个损失机制，即，失相，腔，和辐射损失，这是相关的在实际系统中。我们证明，损失允许一个控制的电子能级的人口，并可能导致相干人口陷阱，以及导致量子场之间的光子统计的重新分配，甚至转移的光子统计从一个字段到另一个。此外，我们引入并分析了一个新的量，量子极化，并证明了它与经典极化的根本区别。利用量子极化和三能级布居研究了量子光存在下的电磁感应透明，并展示了压缩光情况下电磁感应透明的特殊性质。最后，在不同类型的损失存在下，场之间的量子关联进行了研究和分析。
英文摘要：
The interaction of matter with quantum light leads to phenomena which cannot be explained by semiclassical approaches. Of particular interest are states with broad photon number distributions which allow processes with high-order Fock states. Here, we analyze a Jaynes-Cummings-type model with three electronic levels which is excited by quantum light. As quantum light we consider coherent and squeezed states. In our simulations we include several loss mechanisms, namely, dephasing, cavity, and radiative losses which are relevant in real systems. We demonstrate that losses allow one to control the population of electronic levels and may induce coherent population trapping, as well as lead to a redistribution of the photon statistics among the quantum fields and even to a transfer of the photon statistics from one field to another. Moreover, we introduce and analyze a novel quantity, the quantum polarization, and demonstrate its fundamental difference compared to the classical polarization. Using the quantum polarization and the third level population, we investigate electromagnetically induced transparency in the presence of quantum light and show its special features for the case of squeezed light. Finally, quantum correlations between fields are studied and analyzed in the presence of different types of losses.
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