arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2010.02439physics.soc-phq-bio.PE
收藏

高保真社会学习的演变

The evolution of high-fidelity social learning

Marcel Montrey, Thomas R. Shultz

摘要:

人类文化的一个决定性特征是知识和技术随着时间的推移而不断改进。这种累积的文化进化(CCE)可能更多地取决于信息保存的可靠性,而不是信息提炼的效率。因此,CCE在其他物种中出现减少或缺失的一个可能原因是,它需要准确但专门的社会学习形式,而人类是唯一擅长的。在这里,我们开发了一个贝叶斯模型来对比高保真社会学习(支持CCE)与低保真社会学习(不支持CCE)的演变。我们发现,当(1)社会和(2)个人学习成本较低,(3)特征复杂,(4)个人学习丰富,(5)适应性问题困难,(6)行为灵活时,高保真传输会进化。低保真传输在许多方面有所不同。它不仅在(2)个体学习成本高和(4)不频繁的情况下进化,而且在(3)特征简单和(5)适应性问题容易的情况下也更稳健。如果有利于高保真传输进化的条件更严格(3和5)或更难满足(2和4),这可以解释为什么社会学习很常见,但CCE很罕见。

英文摘要:

A defining feature of human culture is that knowledge and technology continually improve over time. Such cumulative cultural evolution (CCE) probably depends far more heavily on how reliably information is preserved than on how efficiently it is refined. Therefore, one possible reason that CCE appears diminished or absent in other species is that it requires accurate but specialized forms of social learning at which humans are uniquely adept. Here, we develop a Bayesian model to contrast the evolution of high-fidelity social learning, which supports CCE, against low-fidelity social learning, which does not. We find that high-fidelity transmission evolves when (1) social and (2) individual learning are inexpensive, (3) traits are complex, (4) individual learning is abundant, (5) adaptive problems are difficult and (6) behaviour is flexible. Low-fidelity transmission differs in many respects. It not only evolves when (2) individual learning is costly and (4) infrequent but also proves more robust when (3) traits are simple and (5) adaptive problems are easy. If conditions favouring the evolution of high-fidelity transmission are stricter (3 and 5) or harder to meet (2 and 4), this could explain why social learning is common, but CCE is rare.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑