人工创造：归属，所有权，特定时间的垄断
Artificial Creations: Ascription, Ownership, Time-Specific Monopolies
摘要：
创造力一直是人类的代名词。没有其他生物物种能像人类一样拥有创造力。即使是最聪明的计算机也只能依靠其编码人员的巧妙想象力。然而，随着高度先进的人工智能系统的出现，这种情况正在稳步改变，这些系统展示出令人难以置信的自主能力（即，以最少或没有人类输入）生产如果由人类创造的通常应享有知识产权地位的创造性产品。这些系统可以被称为人工创造者和他们的创造性产品人工创造。使用人工创作者可能会比我们意识到的更快地成为创意和创新行业主流生产实践的一部分。当它们这样做时，知识产权制度（其内在设计是为了奖励人类创造力）必须做好充分准备，以适当应对可被称为人工创造力的现象。不用说，任何此类反应都必须以公共福利考虑为指导。本研究通过重新审视知识产权的决定因素并对其性质和模式进行批判，分析了这种反应应该是什么样子。然后，将这种对知识产权的理解应用于调查人工创造中知识产权的决定因素，以确定人工创造的知识产权奖励的内在理由，并据此制定授予人工创造知识产权地位的一般模式。最后，人工工程的处理（即，可受版权保护的人工创作）和人工发明（即，对现行知识产权制度对人工作品（可专利的人工创造）的保护提出了批评，并制定了给予人工作品和人工发明知识产权地位的具体模式。
英文摘要：
Creativity has always been synonymous with humans. No other living species could boast of creativity as humans could. Even the smartest computers thrived only on the ingenious imaginations of its coders. However, that is steadily changing with highly advanced artificially intelligent systems that demonstrate incredible capabilities to autonomously (i.e., with minimal or no human input) produce creative products that would ordinarily deserve intellectual property status if created by a human. These systems could be called artificial creators and their creative products artificial creations. The use of artificial creators is likely to become a part of mainstream production practices in the creative and innovation industries sooner than we realize. When they do, intellectual property regimes (that are inherently designed to reward human creativity) must be sufficiently prepared to aptly respond to the phenomenon of what could be called artificial creativity. Needless to say, any such response must be guided by considerations of public welfare. This study analyzes what that response ought to look like by revisiting the determinants of intellectual property and critiquing its nature and modes. This understanding of intellectual property is then applied to investigate the determinants of intellectual property in artificial creations so as to determine the intrinsic justifications for intellectual property rewards for artificial creativity, and accordingly, develop general modalities for granting intellectual property status to artificial creations. Finally, the treatment of artificial works (i.e., copyrightable artificial creations) and artificial inventions (i.e., patentable artificial creations) by current intellectual property regimes is critiqued, and specific modalities for granting intellectual property status to artificial works and artificial inventions are developed.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
