The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) has been measuring fluxes of the Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) using the IBEX-Hi (0.3 -- 6 keV) instrument since 2008. We have developed a numerical time-depended code to calculate globally distributed flux (GDF) of hydrogen ENAs employing both 1) 3D kinetic-MHD model of the global heliosphere and 2) reconstruction of atom trajectories from 1 au, where they are observed by IBEX, to the point of their origin in the inner heliosheath (IHS). The key factor in the simulation is a detailed kinetic consideration of the pickup ions (PUIs), the supra-thermal component of protons in the heliosphere, which is "parental" to the ENAs and originates in the region of the supersonic solar wind being picked by the heliospheric magnetic field. As a result of our study, we have concluded that (1) the developed model is able to reproduce the geometry of the multi-lobe structure seen in the IBEX-Hi GDF maps, (2) the GDF is extremely sensitive to the form of the velocity distribution function of PUIs in the IHS, and the accounting for the existence of an additional energetic population of PUIs is essential to explain the data, (3) despite a relatively good agreement, there are some quantitative differences between the model calculations and IBEX-Hi data. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.
Heliospheric structure as revealed by the 3 -- 88 keV H ENA spectra
高能中性原子（ENA）是研究日球层结构的重要工具。最近，据观察，通量的ENA（与能量$\le$ 55千电子伏）来自上风和下风地区的日光层是相似的强度。这使得这些观测的作者假设日光层是泡沫状的，而不是彗星状的，这意味着它没有延伸的尾巴。我们研究了宽能量范围（3- 88 keV）的ENA通量的方向分布，包括IBEX（Interstellar Boundary Explorer）、INCA（Ion and Neutral Camera，on board Cassini）和HSTOF（High energy Suprathermal Time Of Flight sensor，on board SOHO，Solar and Heliospheric Observatory）的观测结果。其中一个重要的元素是Zank提出的终端冲击（TS）处拾取离子加速模型。我们使用的全球日光层，星际中性气体密度，和皮卡离子分布的最先进的模型。结果，基于“彗星”模型的日光层，是接近的通量大小的ENA观测IBEX，HSTOF和部分INCA（除了5.2-13.5千电子伏的能量通道）。我们发现，ENA通量的尾巴占主导地位，在高能量（与HSTOF协议，但不是INCA）。在低能量下，我们的彗星模型产生了类似的强度的ENA通量从上风和下风方向，因此，删除这作为一个令人信服的论点泡沫状日光层。
A data-driven physics-based transport model of solar energetic particles accelerated by coronal mass ejection shocks propagating through the solar coronal and heliospheric magnetic fields
Signature of a heliotail organized by the solar magnetic field and the role of non-ideal processes in modeled IBEX ENA maps: a comparison of the BU and Moscow MHD models
An empirical model of Energetic Neutral Atom imaging of the heliosphere and its implications for future heliospheric missions at great heliocentric distances
科学界目前正在研究在远离地球轨道的日心距离上运行的日光层飞行任务的若干概念。星际探测器的任务概念（McNutt et al. 2018），例如，目标是在本世纪内到达距离太阳1000 au的地方。这将使下一代人能够通过测量来自各个等离子体区域的高能中性原子（ENA），从外部有利位置获得我们日光层的全球视图。它还将允许对未受扰动的星际介质进行直接采样，并提供日光层科学以外的许多观测机会，例如访问柯伊伯带天体，全面了解行星际尘埃群，以及不受黄道云前景发射影响的红外天文学。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个简单的经验模型，从日光层的ENA，并得出基本要求的ENA仪器机载航天器在很大的日心距离。我们考虑的全能量范围的日光层ENAs从10 eV到100 keV，因为每个部分的能量谱有自己的优点日光层科学。为了覆盖整个ENA能量范围，需要两个或三个不同的ENA仪器。由于视差观测，一些关于IBEX丝带的性质和日光层的尺寸的见解已经可以通过ENA成像从几个au日心距离获得。为了直接揭示日光层的整体形状，从日光层外部进行测量当然是最好的选择。
First comparison of composite 0.52-55 keV ENA spectra observed by IBEX and Cassini/INCA with simulated ENAs inferred by proton hybrid simulations downstream of the termination shock
Effects of Turbulent Magnetic Fields on the Transport and Acceleration of Energetic Charged Particles: Numerical Simulations with Application to Heliospheric Physics
MEMPSEP III. A machine learning-oriented multivariate data set for forecasting the Occurrence and Properties of Solar Energetic Particle Events using a Multivariate Ensemble Approach
The University of Texas at San Antonio（德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校）；Southwest Research Institute（西南研究院）；Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences（合作环境科学研究所）；Space Weather Prediction Center, NOAA（美国国家海洋和大气管理局空间天气预测中心）
