社会距离和戴口罩行为的预测因素：美国七个州的小组调查
Predictors of Social Distancing and Mask-Wearing Behavior: Panel Survey in Seven U.S. States
摘要：
本文介绍了在COVID-19大流行期间对美国七个州的参与者进行的纵向研究的初步总结结果。除了标准的社会经济特征外，我们还收集各种经济偏好参数的数据：时间，风险和社会偏好以及风险感知偏差。我们特别关注那些既是社会距离的重要驱动因素，又可能具有可塑性和易受政策杠杆影响的预测因素。我们注意到三个重要的发现：（1）人口特征对社交距离措施和戴口罩的影响最大，（2）我们表明，个人风险感知和认知偏见在影响采取社交距离措施的决定中发挥着关键作用，（3）我们确定了最容易改变社交距离行为的重要人口群体。这些发现可以帮助设计针对特定人口群体的政策干预措施，这有助于降低COVID-19病毒的传播速度。
英文摘要：
This paper presents preliminary summary results from a longitudinal study of participants in seven U.S. states during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to standard socio-economic characteristics, we collect data on various economic preference parameters: time, risk, and social preferences, and risk perception biases. We pay special attention to predictors that are both important drivers of social distancing and are potentially malleable and susceptible to policy levers. We note three important findings: (1) demographic characteristics exert the largest influence on social distancing measures and mask-wearing, (2) we show that individual risk perception and cognitive biases exert a critical role in influencing the decision to adopt social distancing measures, (3) we identify important demographic groups that are most susceptible to changing their social distancing behaviors. These findings can help inform the design of policy interventions regarding targeting specific demographic groups, which can help reduce the transmission speed of the COVID-19 virus.
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