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arXiv 2009.11698cs.LGcs.AIstat.ML
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可解释机器学习的原理与实践

Principles and Practice of Explainable Machine Learning

University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);Alan Turing Institute(艾伦·图灵研究所)

Vaishak Belle, Ioannis Papantonis

摘要:

人工智能(AI)为改善私人和公共生活提供了许多机会。以自动化的方式发现大量数据中的模式和结构是数据科学的核心组成部分,目前正在推动计算生物学、法律和金融等不同领域的应用。然而,如此高度积极的影响也伴随着重大的挑战:我们如何理解这些系统建议的决策以便我们可以信任它们?在这份报告中,我们特别关注数据驱动的方法-机器学习(ML)和模式识别模型-以便调查和提取文献中的结果和观察结果。本报告的目的可以通过注意到ML模型越来越多地部署在各种业务中来特别理解。然而,随着方法的日益流行和复杂,业务利益相关者对模型的缺陷、数据特定偏差等问题的担忧也越来越多。类似地,数据科学从业者通常不了解学术文献中出现的方法,或者可能难以理解不同方法之间的差异,因此最终使用SHAP等行业标准。在这里,我们进行了一项调查,以帮助行业从业者(以及更广泛的数据科学家)更好地理解可解释的机器学习领域,并应用正确的工具。我们后面的部分围绕一个假定的数据科学家建立了一个叙述,并讨论了她如何通过提出正确的问题来解释她的模型。

英文摘要:

Artificial intelligence (AI) provides many opportunities to improve private and public life. Discovering patterns and structures in large troves of data in an automated manner is a core component of data science, and currently drives applications in diverse areas such as computational biology, law and finance. However, such a highly positive impact is coupled with significant challenges: how do we understand the decisions suggested by these systems in order that we can trust them? In this report, we focus specifically on data-driven methods -- machine learning (ML) and pattern recognition models in particular -- so as to survey and distill the results and observations from the literature. The purpose of this report can be especially appreciated by noting that ML models are increasingly deployed in a wide range of businesses. However, with the increasing prevalence and complexity of methods, business stakeholders in the very least have a growing number of concerns about the drawbacks of models, data-specific biases, and so on. Analogously, data science practitioners are often not aware about approaches emerging from the academic literature, or may struggle to appreciate the differences between different methods, so end up using industry standards such as SHAP. Here, we have undertaken a survey to help industry practitioners (but also data scientists more broadly) understand the field of explainable machine learning better and apply the right tools. Our latter sections build a narrative around a putative data scientist, and discuss how she might go about explaining her models by asking the right questions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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