生命博弈中的自创生与多细胞进化
Evolution of Autopoiesis and Multicellularity in the Game of Life
摘要：
最近，我们引入了一个共生模型，模型S，基于康威的生命游戏中的种子模式的进化。在该模型中，种子模式的适应度是通过移民游戏中的一对一竞争来衡量的，移民游戏是生命游戏的两个玩家变体。我们之前的文章表明，模型S可以作为一个高度抽象、简化的生物生命模型：（1）初始种子模式类似于基因组。(2)游戏运行时的变化类似于现象组的发展。(3)模型S中的竞赛选择类似于生物学中的自然选择。(4)模型S中的移民博弈类似于生物学中的竞争。(5)模型S的前三层类似于生物繁殖。(6)模型S中种子模式的融合类似于共生。这篇文章将这个类比进一步推进了两步：（7）生命游戏中的自创生结构（静物、振荡器和宇宙飞船--统称为灰烬）类似于生物学中的细胞。(8)生命游戏中的种子模式产生了多种多样的、合作的自我生成结构，类似于多细胞生物生命。我们使用由Adam Goucher开发的用于研究灰烬的apgsearch软件（Ash Pattern Generator Search）来分析Model-S中的自生和多细胞性。我们发现，在Model-S进化的种子模式的适应度是高度相关的多样性和多细胞自创生结构的数量。
英文摘要：
Recently we introduced a model of symbiosis, Model-S, based on the evolution of seed patterns in Conway's Game of Life. In the model, the fitness of a seed pattern is measured by one-on-one competitions in the Immigration Game, a two-player variation of the Game of Life. Our previous article showed that Model-S can serve as a highly abstract, simplified model of biological life: (1) The initial seed pattern is analogous to a genome. (2) The changes as the game runs are analogous to the development of the phenome. (3) Tournament selection in Model-S is analogous to natural selection in biology. (4) The Immigration Game in Model-S is analogous to competition in biology. (5) The first three layers in Model-S are analogous to biological reproduction. (6) The fusion of seed patterns in Model-S is analogous to symbiosis. The current article takes this analogy two steps further: (7) Autopoietic structures in the Game of Life (still lifes, oscillators, and spaceships -- collectively known as ashes) are analogous to cells in biology. (8) The seed patterns in the Game of Life give rise to multiple, diverse, cooperating autopoietic structures, analogous to multicellular biological life. We use the apgsearch software (Ash Pattern Generator Search), developed by Adam Goucher for the study of ashes, to analyze autopoiesis and multicellularity in Model-S. We find that the fitness of evolved seed patterns in Model-S is highly correlated with the diversity and quantity of multicellular autopoietic structures.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
