KBC空洞和哈勃张力在Gpc尺度上与$Λ$ CDM相矛盾，$-$ Milgromian动力学是一种可能的解
The KBC void and Hubble tension contradict $Λ$CDM on a Gpc scale $-$ Milgromian dynamics as a possible solution
摘要：
KBC空洞是局部低密度的，在局部群周围观察到的相对密度差$δ\equiv 1 - ρ/ρ_{0} = 0.46 \pm 0.06$在40和300 Mpc之间。如果宇宙中质量守恒，那么这样的空洞就可以解释$5.3σ$哈勃张力。然而，MXXL模拟表明，KBC空洞导致$6.04σ$张力与标准宇宙学（$Λ$ CDM）。结合哈勃张力，$Λ$ CDM在$7.09σ$置信度下被排除。因此，Gpc尺度上的密度和速度分布表明对重力的长期修改。在这种情况下，我们考虑一个补充$11 \, \rm{eV}/c^{2}$不育中微子的宇宙学MOND模型。我们解释了为什么这个$ν$ HDM模型有一个几乎标准的膨胀历史，原始丰度的轻元素，和宇宙微波背景（CMB）各向异性。在MOND中，结构生长是由周围结构的外部场自我调节的。我们约束我们的模型参数与KBC空隙密度分布，当地哈勃和减速参数联合来自超新星在红移$0.023 - 0.15$，强透镜系统的时间延迟，和本地群速度相对于CMB。我们的最佳拟合模型同时解释了这些观测值的$1.14\%$置信水平（${2.53 σ}$张力），如果空隙是嵌入在一个时间无关的外部领域的${0.055 \, a_{_0}}$。因此，我们第一次表明，KBC空洞可以自然地解决哈勃紧张米尔格罗米安动力学。鉴于许多成功的先验MOND预测星系尺度上是难以调和的$Λ$ CDM，补充$11 \, \rm{eV}/c^{2}$无菌中微子Milgromian动力学可能提供一个更全面的解释天文观测在所有尺度。
英文摘要：
The KBC void is a local underdensity with the observed relative density contrast $δ\equiv 1 - ρ/ρ_{0} = 0.46 \pm 0.06$ between 40 and 300 Mpc around the Local Group. If mass is conserved in the Universe, such a void could explain the $5.3σ$ Hubble tension. However, the MXXL simulation shows that the KBC void causes $6.04σ$ tension with standard cosmology ($Λ$CDM). Combined with the Hubble tension, $Λ$CDM is ruled out at $7.09σ$ confidence. Consequently, the density and velocity distribution on Gpc scales suggest a long-range modification to gravity. In this context, we consider a cosmological MOND model supplemented with $11 \, \rm{eV}/c^{2}$ sterile neutrinos. We explain why this $ν$HDM model has a nearly standard expansion history, primordial abundances of light elements, and cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. In MOND, structure growth is self-regulated by external fields from surrounding structures. We constrain our model parameters with the KBC void density profile, the local Hubble and deceleration parameters derived jointly from supernovae at redshifts $0.023 - 0.15$, time delays in strong lensing systems, and the Local Group velocity relative to the CMB. Our best-fitting model simultaneously explains these observables at the $1.14\%$ confidence level (${2.53 σ}$ tension) if the void is embedded in a time-independent external field of ${0.055 \, a_{_0}}$. Thus, we show for the first time that the KBC void can naturally resolve the Hubble tension in Milgromian dynamics. Given the many successful a priori MOND predictions on galaxy scales that are difficult to reconcile with $Λ$CDM, Milgromian dynamics supplemented by $11 \, \rm{eV}/c^{2}$ sterile neutrinos may provide a more holistic explanation for astronomical observations across all scales.
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