用于环境监测的科学CMOS相机的剂量学和热量学性能
Dosimetry and calorimetry performance of a scientific CMOS camera for environmental monitoring
AI总结：
本文研究了CMOS设备用于检测饮用水中铅的潜力，通过热量学方法。测试了CMOS相机的X射线和低能γ射线检测性能，评估其对铅的灵敏度。结果显示，该相机在特定能量范围内具有线性响应和良好的能量分辨率，可检测到低至几皮居里级别的铅-210。
摘要：
本文探讨了CMOS设备用于检测饮用水中铅的潜力，采用热量学方法。铅常伴随痕量放射性同位素，如铅-210，衰变时产生能量范围为10 keV至数个100 keV的γ射线，此范围可在硅传感器中检测。本文测试了CMOS相机（Oxford Instruments Neo 5.5）作为X射线和低能γ射线探测器的总体性能，并评估其相对于世界卫生组织对饮用水中铅上限的灵敏度。能量范围从6 keV至60 keV进行了研究。CMOS相机在此范围内具有线性能量响应，其能量分辨率大部分略好于2%。Neo sCMOS对能量低于约10 keV的X射线不敏感。最小可检测率是40±3 mHz，对应芯片上的入射活度为7±4 Bq。从检测到的活度估计入射活度灵敏度依赖于几何接受度和测量的效率与能量。我们报告了效率测量，其在26.3 keV（59.5 keV）时为0.08±0.02%（0.0011±0.0002%）。考虑热量学信息，我们测量了26.3 keV（59.5 keV）γ射线的最小可检测率为4±1 mHz（1.5±0.1 mHz），对应入射活度为1.0±0.6 Bq（57±33 Bq）。玩具蒙特卡洛和Geant4模拟与这些结果一致。这些结果表明，该CMOS传感器适用于γ和X射线探测器，对铅-210的灵敏度可达到每升几至100 ppb水平。
英文摘要：
This paper explores the prospect of CMOS devices to assay lead in drinking water, using calorimetry. Lead occurs together with traces of radioisotopes, e.g. Lead-210, producing $γ$-emissions with energies ranging from 10 keV to several 100 keV when they decay; this range is detectable in silicon sensors. In this paper we test a CMOS camera (Oxford Instruments Neo 5.5) for its general performance as a detector of x-rays and low energy $γ$-rays and assess its sensitivity relative to the World Health Organization upper limit on lead in drinking water. Energies from 6 keV to 60 keV are examined. The CMOS camera has a linear energy response over this range and its energy resolution is for the most part slightly better than 2 %. The Neo sCMOS is not sensitive to x-rays with energies below $\sim\!\!10 keV$. The smallest detectable rate is 40$\pm$3 mHz, corresponding to an incident activity on the chip of 7$\pm$4 Bq. The estimation of the incident activity sensitivity from the detected activity relies on geometric acceptance and the measured efficiency vs. energy. We report the efficiency measurement, which is 0.08$\pm$0.02 % (0.0011$\pm$0.0002 %) at 26.3 keV (59.5 keV). Taking calorimetric information into account we measure a minimal detectable rate of 4$\pm$1 mHz (1.5$\pm$0.1 mHz) for 26.3 keV (59.5 keV) $γ$-rays, which corresponds to an incident activity of 1.0$\pm$0.6 Bq (57$\pm$33 Bq). Toy Monte Carlo and Geant4 simulations agree with these results. These results show this CMOS sensor is well-suited as a $γ$- and x-ray detector with sensitivity at the few to 100 ppb level for Lead-210 in a sample.
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