来自高速碰撞的球粒：热历史和凝聚问题
Chondrules from high-velocity collisions: thermal histories and the agglomeration problem
摘要：
我们评估是否陨石球粒，一旦熔化毫米大小的球体填充最古老的陨石，可以形成超公里/秒的碰撞之间的小行星在太阳星云。高速碰撞释放出热而稠密的硅酸盐蒸汽云，这些蒸汽云夹带并加热球粒前体。再现了半径为$\sim$ 10- 100公里的碰撞体CB球粒的热历史。非CB的斑状球粒冷却速率较慢，指向半径为$\gtrsim$ 500公里的碰撞机。陨石球粒如何碰撞分散到星云中，聚集成陨石母体仍然是一个谜。同样的轨道偏心率和倾角，使高能碰撞防止星子重新吸积球粒有效，而不受损害;因此，CB/CH球粒陨石Isheyevo的沉积层很难解释碰撞喷出物的直接回落。与此同时，小行星的表面可能散落着陨石球粒的碎片。从彗星81 P/Wild-2中发现的微米级的火成微粒可能来自原始柯伊伯带的原位碰撞和随后的吸积，从而避免了将火成固体运送到星云中的需要。从隼鸟2和OSIRIS-REx返回的小行星样本可能同样含有球粒碎片。
英文摘要：
We assess whether chondrules, once-molten mm-sized spheres filling the oldest meteorites, could have formed from super-km/s collisions between planetesimals in the solar nebula. High-velocity collisions release hot and dense clouds of silicate vapor which entrain and heat chondrule precursors. Thermal histories of CB chondrules are reproduced for colliding bodies $\sim$10--100 km in radius. The slower cooling rates of non-CB, porphyritic chondrules point to colliders with radii $\gtrsim$ 500 km. How chondrules, collisionally dispersed into the nebula, agglomerated into meteorite parent bodies remains a mystery. The same orbital eccentricities and inclinations that enable energetic collisions prevent planetesimals from re-accreting chondrules efficiently and without damage; thus the sedimentary laminations of the CB/CH chondrite Isheyevo are hard to explain by direct fallback of collisional ejecta. At the same time, planetesimal surfaces may be littered with the shattered remains of chondrules. The micron-sized igneous particles recovered from comet 81P/Wild-2 may have originated from in-situ collisions and subsequent accretion in the proto-Kuiper belt, obviating the need to transport igneous solids across the nebula. Asteroid sample returns from Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx may similarly contain chondrule fragments.
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