核技术的社会许可证
A social license for nuclear technologies
摘要：
核能技术具有帮助减缓气候变化的潜力。然而，这些技术面临许多挑战，包括成本高、社会关注和反对，以及健康、安全、环境和扩散风险。许多公司和学术研究团体都在追求先进的设计，包括基于裂变和聚变的设计，以解决成本和这些风险。本章通过分析核技术如何通过获得社会许可来解决社会问题，这是一个模糊的概念，代表着“社会的同意”，并已被用于促进和改善各种公共和私人资助的项目和活动，这些项目和活动受到一系列监管监督，包括大型工业设施，有争议的基因工程研究，和环境管理。公众参与和基于同意的选址，社会许可证的两个方面，以前已经提出了建议。本章通过简要回顾社会许可和参与文献，对这些建议进行了现代化。本章在如何获得社会许可证的背景下讨论了政府监管的作用、项目支持者和政府行为者的作用以及四项关键原则的作用，包括产生信任、透明度、有意义的公众参与以及保护健康、安全和环境。此外，本章使用社会许可概念来解释为什么一些核废料处置库取得了成功，而另一些则陷入困境，并为部署新的核废料处置库和先进的核电站（包括裂变和聚变核电站）提供了具体建议。
英文摘要：
Nuclear energy technologies have the potential to help mitigate climate change. However, these technologies face many challenges, including high costs, societal concern and opposition, and health, safety, environmental and proliferation risks. Many companies and academic research groups are pursuing advanced designs, both fission and fusion-based, to address both costs and these risks. This Chapter complements these efforts by analyzing how nuclear technologies can address societal concerns through the acquisition of a social license, a nebulous concept that represents "society's consent" and that has been used to facilitate and improve a wide range of publicly and privately funded projects and activities subject to a range of regulatory oversight, including large industrial facilities, controversial genetic engineering research, and environmental management. Suggestions for public engagement and consent-based siting, two aspects of a social license, have been made before. This chapter modernizes these suggestions by briefly reviewing the social license and engagement literature. The Chapter discusses, in the context of how to acquire a social license, the role of government regulation, the role of project proponents and government actors, and the role of four key principles, including engendering trust, transparency, meaningful public engagement, and protection of health, safety and the environment. Further, the Chapter uses the social license concept to explain why some nuclear waste repositories have succeeded while others languish and provides concrete recommendations for the deployment of new nuclear waste repositories and advanced power plants, both fission and fusion-based.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
