领导者和障碍提高了文化界限
Leaders and obstacles raise cultural boundaries
摘要：
我们采用基于代理的文化动力学模型来研究空间异质性对社会系统的集体行为的影响。我们引入异质性作为一个随机分布的缺陷或缺陷在一个二维晶格。两种类型的缺陷分别考虑：代表地理特征的障碍，和意见领袖，被描述为代理施加单向影响其他代理。在这两种情况下，我们的特点是两个集体阶段的系统参数的空间，给出的缺陷的密度和数量表示的可用状态的数量：一个有序的阶段，由一个大的同质组;和一个无序的阶段，许多小的文化群体共存。在领导者的情况下，同质状态对应于他们的状态。我们发现，足够高的障碍密度有助于系统中的文化多样性。另一方面，当意见领袖分布在系统中时，我们发现了一个重要的影响：如果他们的密度大于某个阈值，领导者不再有效地将他们的国家强加给人口，但他们实际上促进了多元文化。在这种情况下，我们发现，领导者，以及障碍，作为不同文化群体之间的边界和隔离形成的位置。此外，领导者的密度低于障碍，需要在系统中诱导多元文化。
英文摘要：
We employ an agent-based model for cultural dynamics to investigate the effects of spatial heterogeneities on the collective behavior of a social system. We introduce heterogeneity as a random distribution of defects or imperfections in a two-dimensional lattice. Two types of defects are considered separately: obstacles that represent geographic features, and opinion leaders, described as agents exerting unidirectional influence on other agents. In both cases, we characterize two collective phases on the space of parameters of the system, given by the density of defects and a quantity expressing the number of available states: one ordered phase, consisting of a large homogeneous group; and a disordered phase, where many small cultural groups coexist. In the case of leaders, the homogeneous state corresponds to their state. We find that a high enough density of obstacles contributes to cultural diversity in the system. On the other hand, we find a nontrivial effect when opinion leaders are distributed in the system: if their density is greater than some threshold value, leaders are no longer efficient in imposing their state to the population, but they actually promote multiculturality. In this situation, we uncover that leaders, as well as obstacles, serve as locations for the formation of boundaries and segregation between different cultural groups. Moreover, a lower density of leaders than obstacles is needed to induce multiculturality in the system.
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