面向虚拟现实程序的系统测试（扩展版）
Towards the Systematic Testing of Virtual Reality Programs (extended version)
摘要：
软件测试是确保软件符合其规范的关键活动。然而，目前的软件测试活动往往是不完全有效的，当应用在特定的软件领域在虚拟现实（VR），具有几种新的类型的功能，如图像，声音，视频，和差异化的互动，这可能成为新的故障的来源。本文概述了可能对验证、确认和测试（VV&T）产生影响的主要VR特征。此外，它还分析了一些最成功的VR开源项目，以了解缺乏软件测试活动的危险。我们比较了开源VR项目中软件测试实践的现状，并评估了缺乏测试如何损害产品的开发。我们评估了代码气味的发生率，并验证了这些项目如何表现出故障的倾向。结果表明，软件测试的实践在虚拟现实应用程序的开发中还没有得到广泛的应用。研究还发现，VR项目中代码气味的发生率很高。关于故障倾向，结果显示，在VR项目中分析的类中，约有12.2%是故障倾向。关于软件测试技术在VR项目中的应用，据观察，只有少数项目关注为VR项目开发测试用例，可能是因为我们仍然没有必要的工具来帮助这一方向。关于气味，我们得出的结论是，在VR项目中有很高的发生率，特别是在实施气味方面，这种高发生率可能会对故障产生重大影响。最后，与故障倾向相关的研究指出，缺乏软件测试活动是项目成功的一个重大风险。
英文摘要：
Software testing is a critical activity to ensure that software complies with its specification. However, current software testing activities tend not to be completely effective when applied in specific software domains in Virtual Reality (VR) that has several new types of features such as images, sounds, videos, and differentiated interaction, which can become sources of new kinds of faults. This paper presents an overview of the main VR characteristics that can have an impact on verification, validation, and testing (VV&T). Furthermore, it analyzes some of the most successful VR open-source projects to draw a picture concerning the danger of the lack of software testing activities. We compared the current state of software testing practice in open-source VR projects and evaluate how the lack of testing can be damaging to the development of a product. We assessed the incidence of code smells and verified how such projects behave concerning the tendency to present faults. The results showed that the practice of software testing is not yet widespread in the development of VR applications. It was also found that there is a high incidence of code smells in VR projects. Regarding fault-proneness the results showed that about 12.2% of the classes analyzed in VR projects are fault-prone. Regarding the application of software testing techniques on VR projects, it was observed that only a small number of projects are concerned about developing test cases for VR projects, perhaps because we still do not have the necessary tools to help in this direction. Concerning smells, we concluded that there is a high incidence in VR projects, especially regarding implementing smells and this high incidence can have a significant influence on faults. Finally, the study related to fault proneness pointed out that the lack of software testing activity is a significant risk to the success of the projects.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
