Small organic molecules are thought to provide building blocks for the formation of complex interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, the underlying chemical mechanisms remain unclear, particularly concerning the role of interstellar dust. Using molecular dynamics, we simulate the chemical reaction between dehydrogenated benzene molecules in the gas phase or on the surface of an onion-like carbon nanoparticle (NP). The reaction leads to the formation of PAHs of complex structures. The size of the formed molecules is found to roughly increase with increasing temperature up to 800 K, and to be correlated with the level of dehydrogenation. Morphology analysis features the formation of large rings that contain up to 32 carbon atom at high temperature. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to search the fundamental energetic reaction pathways. The DFT results quantitatively confirm the correlation between the reactivity and the dehydrogenation level, and the formation of stable C-8 rings. Moreover, the nanostructures formed on the NP surface point to a possible layer-by-layer formation mechanism for interstellar fullerene and carbon onions.
Benzonitrile as a proxy for benzene in the cold ISM: low temperature rate coefficients for CN + C$_6$H$_6$
CN和苯(C $_6$ H $_6$)之间的低温反应是天体化学界的重要兴趣,因为最近发现了苯甲腈,这是利用射电天文学在星际介质(ISM)中发现的第一个芳香分子。苯甲腈被认为是苯的低温替代物,苯是最简单的芳香族分子之一,可能是多环芳烃(PAHs)的前体。为了评估苯甲腈作为苯的替代物的稳健性,需要进行低温动力学测量,以确认在冷密云中发现的低气体温度下反应是否保持快速。在这里,我们研究了C $_6$ H $_6$ + CN反应在15- 295 K的温度范围内,使用完善的CRESU技术(法语缩写代表反应动力学在均匀超音速流)结合脉冲激光光解激光诱导荧光(PLP-LIF)。我们得到的速率系数$k(T)$在(3.6- 5.4)$\times$ 10 $^{-10}$ cm $^3$ s $^{-1}$范围内,在15- 295 K之间没有明显的温度依赖性,证实CN + C $_6$ H $_6$反应在与冷ISM相关的温度下保持快速.
Abundant hydrocarbons in a buried galactic nucleus with signs of carbonaceous grain and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon processing
Instituto de Física Fundamental, CSIC(基础物理研究所,西班牙国家科学研究委员会);Departamento de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad de Alcalá(阿尔卡拉大学物理与数学系);Department of Physics, University of Oxford(牛津大学物理系);School of Sciences, European University Cyprus(塞浦路斯欧洲大学理学院)
Laboratory photo-chemistry of covalently bonded fluorene clusters: observation of an interesting PAH bowl-forming mechanism
富勒烯C $_{60}$是星际介质(ISM)中发现的最大的分子之一,已经提出通过大的(超过60个C原子)多环芳烃(PAH)分子的光化学处理自上而下形成。在这篇文章中,我们专注于相反的过程,调查富勒烯形成的可能性,从小的多环芳烃,其中碗形成起着核心作用。我们结合实验室实验和量子化学计算来研究带电芴团簇形成较大的多环芳烃。实验表明,在可见激光照射下,芴二聚体阳离子- [C $_{13}$ H $_{9}$ $-$ C $_{13}$ H $_{9}$ ] $^+$ -和芴三聚体阳离子- [C $_{13}$ H $_{8}$ $-$ C $_{13}$ H $_{9}$ ] $^+$ -发生光脱氢和光异构化,产生碗状结构的芳香簇离子,C $_{26}$ H $_{12}$ $^+$和C $_{39}$ H $_{20}$ $^+$。为了研究这个化学过程的细节,我们采用量子化学,使我们能够确定新形成的簇离子的结构,计算氢损失解离能,并推导出潜在的反应途径。这些结果表明,较小的多环芳烃簇(小于60个碳原子)可以转化为较大的碗状几何结构,可能作为富勒烯的构建块,因为碗形成机制大大促进了从脱氢多环芳烃到笼的转化。此外,碗状的形成诱导了一个永久的偶极矩,原则上允许使用射电天文学来寻找这样的物种。