计数实验的预计发现和排除灵敏度的标准
Criteria for projected discovery and exclusion sensitivities of counting experiments
摘要：
粒子物理学和天体物理学/宇宙学实验的预计发现和排除能力通常使用中值预期$p$值或其相应的显著性来量化。我们认为，这一标准会导致有缺陷的结果，例如，如果实验需要更多的数据或减少其背景，可能会违反直觉地降低灵敏度。我们讨论了几种替代方案的优点，中位数预期的意义，无论是当背景是已知的，当它受到一些不确定性。我们提倡标准使用本文中详细介绍的“精确阿西莫夫意义”$Z^{\rm A}$。
英文摘要：
The projected discovery and exclusion capabilities of particle physics and astrophysics/cosmology experiments are often quantified using the median expected $p$-value or its corresponding significance. We argue that this criterion leads to flawed results, which for example can counterintuitively project lessened sensitivities if the experiment takes more data or reduces its background. We discuss the merits of several alternatives to the median expected significance, both when the background is known and when it is subject to some uncertainty. We advocate for standard use of the "exact Asimov significance" $Z^{\rm A}$ detailed in this paper.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
