鼓阶内三维传热模型的实验验证及其在磁性人工耳蜗植入手术中的应用
Experimental validation of a three-dimensional heat transfer model within the scala tympani with application to magnetic cochlear implant surgery
摘要：
磁引导人工耳蜗植入是一种很有前途的技术，以减少手术过程中的物理创伤的风险。在该方法中，使用磁场在鼓阶内引导附接到植入电极阵列的尖端的磁体。手术后，必须通过局部加热将磁体从植入电极阵列上拆下，并从鼓阶上移除，这可能会导致热创伤。目的：这项工作的目的是通过实验验证鼓阶的三维（3D）传热模型，该模型将能够准确预测最大安全输入功率，以避免在将磁体从植入电极阵列分离时发生局部过热。研究方法：实验是使用严格的尺度分析设计的，并通过测量3D打印的鼓阶体模中的瞬态温度来进行，该体模在其热环境中发生突然变化，并通过小热源进行局部加热。结果：温度的实测值与预测值吻合较好，误差小于6 $\%$。结论：最后应用经验证的鼓阶的3D热传递模型来评估最大安全输入功率，以避免在分离磁体时局部过热。对于除插入开口外的所有边界都是绝热的最保守情况，释放1 mm $^3$石蜡附着在植入电极阵列上的磁体所需的功率约为预测最大安全输入功率的一半。意义：这项工作将使热安全的磁性人工耳蜗植入手术程序的设计。
英文摘要：
Magnetic guidance of cochlear implants is a promising technique to reduce the risk of physical trauma during surgery. In this approach, a magnet attached to the tip of the implant electrode array is guided within the scala tympani using a magnetic field. After surgery, the magnet must be detached from the implant electrode array via localized heating and removed from the scala tympani which may cause thermal trauma. Objectives: The objective of this work is to experimentally validate a three-dimensional (3D) heat transfer model of the scala tympani which will enable accurate predictions of the maximum safe input power to avoid localized hyperthermia when detaching the magnet from the implant electrode array. Methods: Experiments are designed using a rigorous scale analysis and performed by measuring transient temperatures in a 3D-printed scala tympani phantom subjected to a sudden change in its thermal environment and localized heating via a small heat source. Results: The measured and predicted temperatures are in good agreement with an error less than 6$\%$. Conclusions: The validated 3D heat transfer model of the scala tympani is finally applied to evaluate the maximum safe input power to avoid localized hyperthermia when detaching the magnet. For the most conservative case where all boundaries except the insertion opening are adiabatic, the power required to release the magnet attached to the implant electrode array by 1 mm$^3$ of paraffin is approximately half of the predicted maximum safe input power. Significance: This work will enable the design of a thermally safe magnetic cochlear implant surgery procedure.
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