不完全Which测量中的动量反冲
Momentum Kicks in Imperfect Which-Way Measurement
摘要：
关于量子在通过双缝时是否会因哪种方式的探测而经历“动量反冲”，一直存在着激烈的争论。几十年来，在这个问题上一直存在着相互矛盾的观点。这个问题在这里解决的一般设置，其中的哪种方式的检测可能是不完美的。这里表明，干涉的损失仍然可以解释为量子似乎接收到的微小动量反冲，而不管哪种方式的检测器的性质。有趣的是，随机动量反冲的大小总是h/2d，d是狭缝间距，而不管哪个方向的检测是多么完美或不完美。这与早期文献中的建议相反。哪一方向检测的不完善性决定了动量反冲的频率。前面已经证明，对于完美的哪一种方式的检测，量子在50%的时间里会受到动量反冲。这里表明，对于不完美的哪一种方式的检测，量子接收动量踢相同的幅度，但不太频繁。这里找到了反冲频率和干涉可见度之间的精确关系。
英文摘要：
There has been an intense debate on the question as to whether a quanton, passing through a double-slit, experiences a 'momentum kick' due to the act of which-way detection. There have been conflicting points of view on this issue over many decades. This issue is addressed here in the general setting where the which-way detection may be imperfect. It is shown here that the loss of interference may still be interpreted as arising out of tiny momentum kicks which the quanton appears to receive, irrespective of the nature of the which-way detector. Interestingly, the magnitude of the random momentum kicks is always h/2d, d being the slit separation, irrespective of how perfect or imperfect the which-way detection is. This is contrary to what has been suggested in the earlier literature. The imperfection of which-way detection decides how frequent are the momentum kicks. It has been shown earlier that for perfect which-way detection, the quanton receives a momentum kick fifty percent of the time. Here it is shown that for imperfect which-way detection, the quanton receives momentum kicks of the same magnitude, but less often. A precise relation between the frequency of kicks and the visibility of interference is found here.
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