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arXiv 2009.07044cs.LGcs.CVeess.IVstat.ML
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基于潜在表示分析的深度透明预测

Deep Transparent Prediction through Latent Representation Analysis

National Technical University of Athens(雅典国立技术大学);GRNET National Infrastructures for Research and Technology(GRNET 国家研究与技术基础设施);University of Lincoln(林肯大学)

D. Kollias, N. Bouas, Y. Vlaxos, V. Brillakis, M. Seferis, I. Kollia, L. Sukissian, J. Wingate, S. Kollias

摘要:

本文提出了一种新的深度学习方法,该方法从经过训练的深度神经网络(DNN)中提取潜在信息,并导出简洁的表示,以有效、统一的方式进行分析,以实现预测目的。众所周知,DNN能够分析复杂的数据;然而,它们在决策过程中缺乏透明度,因为无法直接证明其预测的合理性,也无法可视化决策所基于的特征。此外,他们通常需要大量的数据,以便学习和适应不同的环境。这使得它们很难在医疗保健中使用,信任和个性化是关键问题。透明度与高预测精度相结合是所提出的方法的目标。它包括从训练的DNN中提取的潜变量的监督DNN训练和无监督学习。来自多个源的领域自适应也被呈现为扩展,其中所提取的潜变量表示被用于在其他未注释的环境中生成预测。通过在各个领域的大型实验研究说明了成功的应用:从MRI和DaTScans预测帕金森病;从CT扫描和X射线预测COVID-19和肺炎;零售食品包装中的光学字符验证。

英文摘要:

The paper presents a novel deep learning approach, which extracts latent information from trained Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and derives concise representations that are analyzed in an effective, unified way for prediction purposes. It is well known that DNNs are capable of analyzing complex data; however, they lack transparency in their decision making, in the sense that it is not straightforward to justify their prediction, or to visualize the features on which the decision was based. Moreover, they generally require large amounts of data in order to learn and become able to adapt to different environments. This makes their use difficult in healthcare, where trust and personalization are key issues. Transparency combined with high prediction accuracy are the targeted goals of the proposed approach. It includes both supervised DNN training and unsupervised learning of latent variables extracted from the trained DNNs. Domain Adaptation from multiple sources is also presented as an extension, where the extracted latent variable representations are used to generate predictions in other, non-annotated, environments. Successful application is illustrated through a large experimental study in various fields: prediction of Parkinson's disease from MRI and DaTScans; prediction of COVID-19 and pneumonia from CT scans and X-rays; optical character verification in retail food packaging.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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